我國民法典物權編占有規則立法研究

A Study on Possession Rule in Property Volume of China's Civil Code Legislation

占有系民法（典）物權編（法）上的一項基礎性制度，其於整個物權法、民法乃至全體私法上占據關鍵地位。我國編纂民法典物權編時應於現行物權法既有規定的基礎上對其作較大的建構、厘定、補充及完善，由此以形成我國占有法的規則系統，彰顯其系統效應。占有的體例安排應置於物權編之末而予規定。占有規則的設計宜借境域外多數立法成例而作出。占有與占有人的涵義、占有權利與樣態的推定、直接占有人、間接占有人與占有輔助人的涵義及其判定、占有的變更、移轉、合併與分離、善意、惡意占有人的責任及其與所有人等之間的回復關係、占有人（含占有輔助人）的自力救濟權與物上請求權、共同占有及其權利行使、占有的消滅及準占有等，皆應一一加以確立、建構或完善。透過這樣的工作和努力，我國的占有法規則系統勢可彰顯其維繫社會的和平與穩定秩序的功用與價值。

Possession rule is a basic system in Property Volume of Civil Code, which occupies a key posi­tion in property law, civil law and all private law. When drafting the Property Volume of Civil Code, possession rule should be built into a larger construction, redefinition, supplement and improvement on the basis of exist­ing property law. Thus the formation of our possession rule system can highlight its system effect. Provisions of possession ought to be placed at the end of the property volume. The design of possession rule should be made with reference to the majority of foreign legislation. The possession rule is supposed to establish, construct or perfect the following matters: the meaning of possession and the person in possession, presumption of posses­sion rights and modalities, connotation and judgement of direct possessor, indirect possessor, auxiliary posses­sor, alteration, transfer, merger and separation of possession, responsibility of the holder in bad faith and its relationship with the owner, self-remedy right and right of real claim of possessor (including the auxiliary pos­sessor) , joint possession and the exercise of right, extinguishment of possession, quasi possession and so on. Through such work and efforts, China ’ s possession system can highlight its ability and value to maintain the so­cial peace and stability of the order.