動產讓與擔保的立法論

On the Legislation of Security Transfer of Chattel

動產讓與擔保是經由實踐、學說、判例發展起來的制度，其隱蔽性、與實定法上物權法定原則和禁止流質契約規定的衝突、實行時可能損及債務人的利益等弊端，已廣受詬病。動產抵押和動產讓與擔保各有其法律構成、實行方法和其他制度特點，兩者之間可以並存，在中國兵法典中可以同時規定這兩種制度。動產讓與擔保應構造為擔保權，並以登記作為公示方法。聲明登記制之下，登記的內容較少，採行登記公示不會過分暴露當事人的經濟狀況，在登記系統電子化改造之後，登記成本亦在可控範圍，不會增加擔保交易的總體成本。動產讓與擔保權的實行方法應由當事人約定，但不得排除清算義務；未作約定或約定不明的，應採行歸屬清算的方法。

The security transfer of chattel has been developed through practice, theory and cases. Its concealment, and in conflict with numerus clauses and lex commissoria, damaging the interests of the debtor in the process of implementation and other defects, have been widely criticized. The chattel mortgage and security transfer of chattel have their own legal construction, implementation method and other systematical characteristics respectively. They can coexist in Chinese Civil Code. The security transfer of chattel should be constructed as security interest and use filing as the publicity method. Under the notice filing, due to the less content to be registered, the public filing won't expose the economic situation of the parties too much. After the electronic transformation of the filing system, the registration costs are controllable, the overall costs of secured transactions won't be increased. The method for the implementation of the security transfer of chattel shall be agreed upon by the parties, in which the obligation of liquidation should not be eliminated, and if the agreement is not made or not clear, the affiliation liquidation shall be adopted.