資訊與機電整合技術之發展與策略

Development and Strategy of Integrated Information and Electromechanics

我國資訊技術雖然已達世界水準，可是農業界還是面臨資訊落差的問題，再加上加入世貿組織對農業的影響，農業極需轉型，以提升農業競爭力。機電整合是由電子學與機械學的整合開始；慢慢為了滿足少量多樣客製化的需求，加上電腦發達以後，引入資訊技術，進入電腦控制的機電整合時期；再引入衛星導航定位，網路傳輸，有線與無線通訊技術，更進入電腦控制網路機電整合時期；到了21世紀起，更加多元化又著重微小化以及與生物產業密切結合，光機電、微機電、奈米技術及生物機電紛紛興起蔚為風潮。台灣農業資訊化的發展雖然落後工商業有一段距離，但從它們的發展經驗中，也可以避開一些不必要的摸索與浪費，不必從零開始，未嘗不是一件好事，可以有更大的發展潛力。機電整合系統的主要架構包含：控制器、感測器、致動器、機械元件、信號處理與人機介面六大部分。它的設計與發展是跨領域的系統整合工程。農業資訊化的發展，從電子化走向無所不在與行動化是必然的趨勢。機電整合發展趨勢則往提高生活品質、防災方面的居家保全機器人發展，可達成很多艱難的任務。其關鍵技術，包含人機互助與互動、微奈米機器人、重組裝能力、自我複製等。農業資訊化已對我國農業發展產生重大的影響，仍應朝健全農業產銷，提升競爭力，提高價值等方面多加以著力，更上一層樓。未來，機電整合的發展，將更人性化，達到人機合一的理想境界。

Although information technology in Taiwan has reached world standards, but the agricultural sector is still facing the problem of information gap, together with the accession to the WTO impacts on agriculture, agriculture transformation is in need to enhance agricultural competitiveness. Electromechanics is started with the intergration of electric and electronic concepts. Gradually, with diverse needs of customization and the introduction of information technology, electromechanics is transitted into the computer-controlled era. Moreover, with satellite navigation and positioning, Internet transportation, wired and wireless communication technology, electromechanics is transitted into the computer-controlled Internet era. Later on, into the 21st century, the more diversified and focused on micro as well as closely linked with the bio-industry, opto-mechatronics, MEMS, nanotechnology and bio-mechatronics have become the wave of the rise. Taiwan’s information technology in agriculture is not as developed as that in business. But with the help of business information technology development experience, agricultural information technology can avoid unnecessary and wasteful process of exploration, perhaps can have a greater development potential. Electromechanics system include: controllers, sensors, actuators, mechanical components, signal processing and human-computer interface. Its design and development are project of cross-system integration.