從漢語「我者」視角看《論語》一則例句的歧義解讀

Reading the Lunyu from the We-Perspective: An Interpreting Ambiguity

本文以漢語特有的隱性「我者」結構，來解讀一則《論語》領屬主題句的歧義。本文認為《論語》的歧義解讀，以「子女憂」說法較為合理。其理由有二：1. 語義上的合理性；這則語篇的解讀有其特定的社會結構及文化語境。2. 語法上的合理性；古漢語有許多句子都是像這樣的句子，這是漢語語法的特點，《論語》這則不是孤例。本文並指出，造成這則歧義主要是因為解讀者有不同意識所致，一種是句法意識突出，另一種是社會文化意識突出；語篇的社會文化意識是意義選擇的最後依據。

This paper deals with the ambiguity of a sentence in the Lunyu (論語Analects) from the implicit we-perspective that is characteristic in Old Chinese.This paper concludes that“It is children that care about their parents”is thebetter interpretation. There are two reasons for this: first, semantically thistext is interpreted in a specific social structure and cultural context. Second,syntactically speaking, sentences like this are common in Old Chinese texts,and characteristic of Old Chinese grammar ; the Lunyu is not an isolated case.The ambiguity is mainly due to the fact that those interpreting the text are moreconscious of certain factors than they are of others, some highlighting theirsense of syntax, and others their social and cultural awareness. The social andcultural context of a text is the final basis for interpreting its meaning.