停車費與擁擠稅之比較－－臺北都會區案例

A Comparison of Parking Fees and Congestion Tolls−A Case Study for the Taipei Metropolitan Area

A regulatory parking fee is compared with road pricing. A commuting tripdemand model with two alternative modal choices is developed. The behavior ofsearching for a parking lot is treated by an aggregate approach. Specifically, thetime cost of searching for a parking space depends on the ratio of aggregate demand and aggregate supply in an area. Parking either in the CBD or at theboundary of the satellite city is needed for commuting trips. For the case of theTaipei metropolitan area, it is found that the performance of optimal parking feeis close to the first-best optimum road pricing if the parking demand isunavoidable for every commuting trip with the same origin-destination pair.Some sensitivity analyses are conducted for a small change in each parameter inthe model.

本文比較管制性的停車費與道路定價；首先，建立一個包含兩種運具選擇方案的模型，停車搜尋行為以整體性的方式處理，明確而言，搜尋車位的時間成本決定於該地區的整體需求與整體供給的比例，通勤旅次必須在市中心或衛星都市的邊緣停車。以臺北都會區的個案分析結果發現，若每一通勤旅次具相同起迄且有停車需求，則最適停車費很接近最適擁擠道路定價的效果。最後，進行模型中參數微量變動的敏感度分析。