建構以原住民為主體的狩獵規範：兼評王光祿之非常上訴案

Construction of Hunting Regulations Based on the Indigenous People as Subjects: Study on Extraordinary Appeal Case of Wang Guang-Lu

2005年制定之「原住民族基本法」，乃作為保障原住民族法律地位與權利的重要法律基礎，其中規定了原住民得在原住民地區依法從事獵捕野生動物之行為。然而，本法所謂尊重原住民獵捕野生動物的權利，必須是在漢人思維的框架下才能獲得允許。對原住民而言，狩獵是生活方式，並非只有在祭典時才狩獵。此外，狩獵是與大自然的互動與對話，狩獵時會打到什麼獵物，都是恩賜的禮物，不能事先說大話要獵何種動物，否則將會受到詛咒而一無所獲。然而，現行法令對原住民的狩獵管制，則是以不顧狩獵文化或強令原住民觸犯狩獵規範的方式管制，例如原住民狩獵前必須事前申報狩獵區域、獵物的物種與數量，而狩獵工具必須是自製獵槍。此種漢人的管理思維，是把「狩獵」當成去超級市場採買，購物前必須先申請，說明去哪裡購物、要購買什麼品項，數量多少。此外，打獵必須先自製獵槍，就如同要求廚師做菜前必須先自行打造刀具一樣。只要原住民打獵前沒有事先申報，自製獵槍的性能太好，都會成為罪犯。長年以來，原住民不斷訴求「還我土地」，爭取在原住民保留地上的「自治權」，原住民訴求的核心，乃結合土地與自然資源的傳統生活，而非施捨式的有限權利。原住民族的狩獵文化，過去所擁有的獵區制度、部落規範、對土地認同、對自然資源的尊重，在漢人統治之下，幾乎快要消滅殆盡。給予原住民對保留地的自治權，以及建立原住民狩獵專法，才是嚴肅對待原住民族傳統文化與狩獵權的方式。

The Indigenous Peoples Basic Law” enacted in 2005 is the important legal base to protect legal position and rights of the indigenous people. It regulates the indigenous people's legal hunting of wild animals in the areas of the indigenous people. However, in the act, the respect for the indigenous people's hunting right of wild animals is upon the framework of the Hans' thinking instead of the indigenous people's perspective. For the indigenous people, hunting is their lifestyle and it is not the activity only in worshiping rites. In addition, hunting is the interaction and dialogue with the nature and the preys in hunting are the precious gifts. We cannot predict the preys boastfully; otherwise, we will be cursed and will hunt nothing. However, according to regulation of Wildlife Conservation Act, the indigenous people are merely allowed to hunt in the periods of worshiping rites. Besides, before hunting, they should declare the hunting area, species and quantity of preys. Hunting tool must be self-made hunting rifles. In such management thought of the Hans, “hunting” is regarded as shopping in supermarket. Before shopping, we must declare and explain the place, items and quantity purchased. In addition, before hunting, they must make hunting rifles, as cooks who are required to manufacture the knives before cooking. When the indigenous people do not declare hunting in advance or when they possess excellent self-made hunting rifles, they will be conceived as criminals. For years, the indigenous people constantly call for “the return of motherland” and fight for “right of autonomy” on the reversed areas for the indigenous people. Core of the indigenous people's appeal refers to traditional life which combines land and natural resources instead of charity and limited rights. Under the governance of the Hans, the indigenous people's hunting culture and traditional hunting area system, tribal regulations, identification with land and respect for natural resources are almost collapsed. Right of autonomy for the indigenous people on reversed areas and construction of special law for the indigenous people's hunting are the appropriate measures to manage traditional culture and hunting right of the indigenous people.