家族企業與租稅規劃之關聯性

The Relationship between Family Firms and Tax Planning

本研究以1999到2008年台灣上市櫃公司為研究對象，考量在家族企業型態下，公司從事租稅規劃時，若公司利益與家族利益相競合，其會以公司價值極大化或是從家族利益為考量？相較於非家族企業又是為何？亦即在我國特有的租稅系統與公司治理環境下，家族企業相較於非家族企業是否會從事較多的租稅規劃。租稅規劃雖然對企業有節省成本的利益，但因為其隱避性和複雜性增加了租稅規劃潛在的成本及風險，包括來自管理者隱蔽行動所產生的非稅成本及被國稅局列為選查的對象。本研究以有效稅率、財稅差異及剩餘財稅差異為租稅規劃代理變數，研究結果發現家族企業相較於非家族企業，會有更多的租稅規劃，與Chen et al.（2010）的結論不一致，我國家族企業業主愈會基於私利而左右公司的租稅規劃，符合Desai and Dharmapala（2006）的利益掠奪假說。現有的文獻指出公司治理，有利於健全企業營運行為，是以考慮加入三項公司治理變數，驗證是否會影響家族企業之租稅規劃。結果顯示，相對於非家族企業，外部機構持股的比率、董事會規模會對家族企業的租稅規劃有所影響，當法人持股比率愈高及董事會規模愈大，家族企業會有較少的租稅規劃，顯示在我國公司治理環境下，外部法人機構、董事會規模存在監督家族企業租稅規劃之治理功能。

This paper examines whether family firms prefer tax planning than non-family firms or not of Taiwan's listed companies from 1999 to 2008. Tax Planning is a part of corporate operation strategies. A completely tax planning is not just consider about low down tax, either need to consider its nontax cost which include some implicit costs and risk. In Taiwan, the family firms is an important organization type, its high controlling shareholder prevailing situation in which a greater agency conflict between the controlling shareholder and non-controlling shareholders. Such a family enterprise with the characteristics of the company engaged in tax planning, if the company's interests and competing family interests, which will maximize the value of the company or the family interests from consideration? Compared to non-family firms is that? Namely, this research is to explore. In this paper, use three indicators(book-tax difference, residual book-tax difference, effective tax rate) as tax planning proxies. The results show that the relationship between the tax planning and family firms support the hypothesis that family firms have higher tax planning than non-family firms in Taiwan, its contract to the findings of Chen et al.(2010).Therefore, this, in the control of family firms, family firm owners will be based on personal interests and more about the company's tax planning, reflect the family corporate tax planning more in line with the interests of entrenchment hypothesis, consistent with Desai and Dharmapala (2006) findings. The other three corporate governance variables were added to verify whether they will affect the association between family firms and tax planning, regression results show that, compared to non-family firms, the ratio of long-term institutional ownership and the board size have significant effect on the association between family firms and tax planning.