多「錢」入學？從政大學生組成看多元入學

INVESTIGATING THE EQUALITY OF TWO-TRACK COLLEGE RECRUITMENT: EVIDENCE FROM ADMINISTRATIVE DATA OF NATIONAL CHENGCHI UNIVERSITY

台灣自2002年針對大學入學制度改革，「多元入學」方案至今實施已有15年之久。雖說多元入學較原有單一考試具彈性，卻也引發入學公平性的質疑。本研究使用1994-2012年政大學生入學資料，透過學生家庭社經地位、學生高中來源、入學學測成績三方面表現，來檢視多元入學是否會使得學生有越來越來自菁英家庭的趨勢。研究結果顯示多元入學管道的擴張對中、低社經地位家庭學生的入學具正面影響，且有助於非明星高中學生入學；另外，非考試入學的高社經地位家庭或明星高中學生，入學學測成績並沒有較低，且反而不存在成績優惠。整體來說，多元入學並沒有造成政大學生越來越傾向高社經地位家庭或明星高中。

This paper investigates the equality issues arising from two-track college recruitment–the first track relies on the personal or senior high school referral, and the second track bases on the general college entrance examination–that was implemented in 2002. The personal or high school referral admission has long been criticized for favoring students of families of high social and economic status (SES). Utilizing the administrative data of NCCU between 1994 and 2012, we examine whether students of high SES are indeed more inclined to be admitted to NCCU after the two-track college recruitment. Our empirical evidence does not support that the change of college recruitment results in favoring students of high SES families, either measured in terms of their residence towns’ population density or the average household income tax of their residence town. In addition, the share of students graduated from top ranking high schools decreases modestly after the new recruitment rule. Furthermore, we find that students graduated from non-metropolitan area are more likely to be admitted to NCCU after the adoption of two-track college recruitment.