技術體制，研發聚集與研發──廠商規模有關嗎？

Technological Regimes, R&D Agglomeration and R&D: Does Firm Size Matter?

本文探討技術體制與研發聚集對於大企業與中小企業研發活動的影響，並以產業的廠商密度作為產業研發集中度和研發密度及的工具變數。採用2006年台灣製造業普查資料的實證結果發現，研發聚集有利於中小企業的研發活動，但對大企業無明顯影響。技術機會較多的產業，對大企業和中小企業的研發皆有利；但研發集中度對這兩類企業研發的關聯性普遍不大。此外，本文發現市場集中度與研發決策之間遞增但凹向原點的關聯性，這項關係僅出現於中小企業，而不存在於大企業。有關公司特性方面，自有資金、外銷比率和廣告密集度皆對廠商的研發活動扮演重要的角色。

This paper examines the roles of technological regimes and R&D agglomeration in determining the R&D behaviors of large firms and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). We consider the potential endogeneity of R&D concentration and industry R&D intensity by using firm density as an instrument. Based on the 2006 Census data on Taiwanese manufacturing, we find that R&D agglomeration fosters SMEs’ R&D activities, but it has no influence on large firms’ R&D decision. A technology regime fertile with technological opportunity is advantageous for both SMEs and large firms, whereas R&D concentration tends to be less relevant to R&D activity for both groups of firms. Moreover, an increasing but concave relationship between market concentration and R&D propensity is found for SMEs, but not for large firms. Regarding firm characteristics, internal finance, export ratio and advertising intensity play critical roles on financing R&D activity for all firms.