農業金融改革對台灣農業信用部生產績效之影響──考慮非意欲產出之兩階段方法的應用

The Impact of Reform on the Production Efficiency of Taiwan’s Farmers’ Credit Unions: An Application of a Two-Stage Production System with Undesirable Outputs

本文延伸Kao and Hwang（2011）之兩階段方法，加入非意欲產出的考量，以探討農業金融改革對台灣農會信用部之技術與規模效率的影響，研究期間為2001-2009年。研究結果發現，樣本信用部余研究期間中之平均技術僅有0.432，說明信用部經營仍有明顯需要改進的空間。效率分解的結果指出，無效率的來源主要來自純技術無效率，而非規模無效率。兩階段效率衡量的結果則發現，對於信用部經營效率的改進而言，改善要素投入使用效率會比改善放款與風險控管之產出效率來得更為重要。同時，本文亦發現，台灣農業金融改革對信用部之生產效率確實帶來正面的影響；迴歸結果顯示，逾期放款覆蓋率、員工教育水準、市場競爭程度與經濟成長等之提升，也會對信用部生產效率有所幫助，但農會正會員占總會員數比例及信用部分支機構數的影響卻是負面的。

This paper incorporates undesirable outputs into Kao and Hwang’s (2011) two-stage relational model to investigate the impact of agricultural financial reform on the technical and scale efficiencies of Taiwan’s farmers’ credit unions (FCUs) by using panel data over the period 2001–2009. The results show that the average system technical efficiency score over the sample period is only 0.432, suggesting a great deal of room for FCUs to improve their efficiency. The decomposition indicates that the inefficiency is mainly from pure technical inefficiency rather than scale inefficiency. The process efficiency results signify that the efforts to improve inputs utilization efficiency in process 1 are more important than efforts to improve loan creation and problem loan control efficiencies in process 2. It is also found that the FCUs positively reacted to the financial reform. The regression results show that the loan loss coverage ratio, education level of employees, competition and economic growth are positive factors for FCUs’ performance, while ratios of regular members and number of branches are negative factors.