探究前置性評量在博物館教育活動的應用

A Study on the Application of Front-End Evaluation in Museum Education Programs

博物館觀眾研究的範圍包含了教育活動、展示、公共服務等層面，依各層面核心工作規劃與執行的不同階段，則可分為前置性、形成性、補救性與總結性等四類評量。
前置性評量屬性的觀眾研究，主要目的是了解觀眾的想法與實際需求，並預期能以此確立計畫目標及後續細部規劃。國外博物館界在1980年代末期開始，主要應用前置性評量於博物館的展示規劃，之後也應用於教育活動規劃；然而，國內博物館運用前置性評量的案例並不多，對教育活動進行的案例仍屈指可數。
本文整理國內外博物館教育活動之前置性評量相關案例，主要探討前置性評量應用的發展與情況，針對其研究場域、方法、對象、成果……等進行歸納與分析，期能提供國內博物館界運用前置性評量於教育活動規劃之參考。

Museum visitor studies apply to education programs, exhibits, and public services, etc. Targeted on the visitors with different background, evaluation can be divided into four types: front-end evaluation, formative evaluation, remedial evaluation and summative evaluation and is used at different stages of the plan respectively. The purpose of a front-end evaluation is not only to understand visitors' opinion and actual needs toward the up-coming exhibition, education programs or other services, but also to clarify the objectives of plans and the following schemes. The museum fields in the western countries started to adopt front-end evaluation on exhibition planning mainly in 1980s and education programs, public service afterward. However, the cases of application of front-end evaluation in museums in Taiwan are not many, especially on education programs. This paper examines empirical researches on the application of front-end evaluation in museums and its development from a variety of aspects. Based on the analysis and results, suggestions are made for best practices in museums in Taiwan.