從捐贈「歷史天氣圖」論軍方/民間博物館的交流合作

From the donation of Historical Weather Maps：The study of cooperation between civil and military museums

西元2006年始，中華民國國防部對軍事公文檔案與書冊典藏的相關作為是，凡1949年以前的軍事檔案均移轉由國家檔案局列管，以後者仍由國防部史政編譯室典藏。文物部分因未歸建集中管理，以致國防部所屬軍事單位共186處類博物館群典藏的各類文物，或單位裁併、或無專業人才鑑定、或無合適控溫控濕環境等因素而毀損或消失。空軍航空技術學院擁有一批年逾70(資料內容則涵括百年)，身近腐朽的全球歷史天氣圖，因校方目前無專業與財力資源以妥善保存此批文物，為了不讓此批珍貴的歷史資料嚴重毀損，乃在國防部同意下將此批天氣圖捐贈給國立科學工藝博物館，科工館經鑑定後負責維護保存，日後並將之數位化以作為臺灣學界及航技學院研究教學之用。
本文主要藉由說明上述捐贈活動的背景原委，延伸介紹中華民國早期氣象的發展及當前國防部所屬博物館群的運作情況，最後探討軍方與民間博物館合作交流的可能性與意義。捐贈「歷史天氣圖」活動不只是搶救保存珍貴歷史文獻，對空軍而言，過去與民間社會對話管道有限，如今透過與博物館的交流合作，可以多一個被一般民眾了解的窗口，對科工館言，軍方捐贈的珍貴文物不但豐富了館方的典藏，更重要的是作為一個平台臺灣各界可以藉此展開更多軍事科技的研究，也可以看見軍事科技發展與社會的連動性，而這部分是國防部所屬博物館群因資源及其他因素的侷限一直無法充分發揮的遺憾。

The Air Force Institute of Aviation Technology (AFAT) had a batch of historical weather map which was over 70 years nearly decayed. Due to the lack of financial resources and professional specialty to preserve the cultural relics properly, AFAT donated the maps to National Science and Technology Museum (MSTM) under the agreement of the Department of Defense in 2014. After evaluation and assessment, MSTM took the responsibility to preserve the batch of historical weather map and planed reproduce it digitally as academic research and teaching for Taiwan and AFAT in the future. The study introduces the background of the donation, the early development of meteorology of ROC, the operation of museums of Department of Defense, and exploring the possibilities and meaning in the cooperation of military museums with civil ones. The purposes of donation of the weather map was not only preserving historical relics and enriching the collection for MSTM, but opening another window to the public for Air Force. As a platform, the military related researches can be expended and the relationship of technology in the military and society can be seen which used to confined to the limitation of resources and other factors in military museums.