政府組改與博物館治理：國立臺灣史前文化博物館改隸的個案評析

Government Reform and Museum Governance：The Case Study of National Museum of Prehistory

臺灣政府自民國97年7月21日成立「行政院組織改造推動小組」以來，大力推動組織改造迄今，相關的各種政策說明與社會輿論，百家爭鳴，方興未艾。其中，民國99年間，時值中央政府大力推動「行政院組織改造」之際，博物館界卻傳出政府著眼於事權統一、組織精減、財政節約、員額縮編等角度，屬意將國立臺灣史前文化博物館（以下簡稱「史前館」）自原本隸屬教育部的「三級」機構改隸文化部，並下降為「四級」機構。頓時之間，「史前館」在此波政府組織改造下，不升反降、愈降愈低，陷入了一段改隸且機構層級「不三、不四？」調整上的尷尬處境，情何以堪？值此同時，「史前館」作為臺灣史前考古與原住民研究「國家級」博物館的潛在定位與角色，亦接續引發諸多人士的關注與論辯。有鑒於此，本文具體以「史前館」為例，探討其在此波政府組織改造過程中，自教育部改隸文化部，並面臨機構層級調降與角色定位不明所引發的論辯與回應。本文亦將援引「原住民族教育法」與「原住民族基本法」作為檢視「史前館」機構位階，及其應扮演「國家級」博物館角色之依據，期能為當前臺灣博物館政策及其治理機制的演變，留下一些可供具體參考之研究個案與實務經驗。

In order to cope with the pressure of global economic crisis and the various challenges, the central government of Taiwan starts a project of reforming government structure, improving the efficiency and quality of government services to increase Taiwan's competitiveness. During this innovation, National Museum of Prehistory (NMP) was descended from Bureau of Education as to Ministry of Culture in admiration hierarchy. In Taiwan, NMP is the only one museum which collected both archaeological and ethnographical specimens about Taiwan indigenous people's cultures and some Austronesian people's cultures in Pacific. There is no one able to compete with its collections. Therefore, there emerged many debates about whether the degradation of NMP under this wave of innovation would cause problems of its operation in the future. In this paper, NMP was used as a case to argue that the result of this innovation might obfuscate NMP's role in research and public education, and it would evoke the potential crisis of paralyzing its function as a research institution. In addition, “Education Act for Indigenous Peoples” and “Indigenous People Basic Law” were used to suggest a proper position of NMP in administrative hierarchy, and the role as a national museum. The author hopes this case study could contribute to this proceeding change of government hierarchy of museums.