電動公車營運指標、財務效益分析與發展策略之研究

AN ANALYSIS OF OPERATIONAL BENCHMARKS, FINANCIAL BENEFITS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR ELECTRIC URBAN BUSES

行政院於民國103 年宣示10 年內將臺灣柴油公車全面汰換為電動公車，然迄今之發展不如預期，究其主因是客運業者對電動公車之財務效益、續航力、妥善率仍有疑慮。基於上述背景，本研究首先藉由利用車載機及車電資訊整合系統，蒐集電動公車實際營運資料，分析電動公車用電效率、續航里程、妥善率等營運指標；其次，針對電動公車與柴油公車之生命週期成本進行比較，客觀論述了電動公車之財務效益，進而探討了電動公車較柴油公車具財務優勢之可行策略。分析結果顯示，電動公車車體成本接近合理價格、充電模式改為快速充電、柴油價格上漲或透過排班方式增加電動公車行駛距離時，電動公車可較柴油公車具財務優勢。

The Central Government announced in 2014 its policy to replace all dieselbuses with electric buses within 10 years. However, the results of this policy have not met expectations, primarily because of doubts that bus operators haveon the financial benefits, driving range and reliability of electric buses. Withsuch a background, this study seeks to, first, arrange for the use of datacollected from on-board units on actual operating urban electric buses; andconduct objective analysis of the electric energy efficiency, driving range, andreliability of electric buses. Second, to conduct a comparative analyses of thelife-cycle costs of electric and diesel buses. Furthermore, this research analyzesthe financial benefits that electric-buses have over diesel, and to use it todevelop a feasible strategy for electrification. The analyses shows that when (1)the cost of electric bus bodies are reasonable, (2) the charging regimes arechanged to “Fast-Charging Battery”, (3) diesel prices rise, or (4) bus schedulesare coordinated for electric bus travel distances; Electric buses have financialadvantages over diesel buses.