公共腳踏車使用者特性及偏好分析──以高雄市C-Bike為例

ANALYSIS OF USER CHARACTERISTICS AND PREFERENCES FOR PUBLIC BICYCLE SYSTEM – A CASE STUDY OF C-BIKE SYSTEM IN KAOHSIUNG CITY

公共腳踏車在綠色運輸中扮演著關鍵性的角色，不論是短程接駁、通勤通學、購物或是休閒運動，腳踏車的發展，在世界各國已蔚為風潮。是以本研究探討高雄市民眾於捷運站周邊商圈旅行，行程約為2公里之範圍，在短程運具選擇項目中，相對於公共腳踏車偏好之程度。本研究以問卷調查方式蒐集相關資料，包括旅行成本、氣候、旅次目的與社會經濟條件等進行統計分析，並以巢式羅吉特模式校估旅運者對於私人運具與公共運具的選擇模型，再進行彈性分析。結果顯示巢式羅吉特模式在本研究之個體選擇中有良好的適配度，旅行成本、氣候及使用者之社經條件皆會影響公共腳踏車的使用。此外，進一步探討在使用費率變動下之情境模擬分析，結果顯示，若增加機車的使用成本，同時降低公共腳踏車的使用成本，將有助於增加公共腳踏車的使用量。研究建議在廣設公共腳踏車租賃站，增加民眾使用便利性之情況下，適度增加機車停車費用，將可促使旅運者傾向選擇公共腳踏車作為最後一哩路的接駁運具，進而達到友善環境，溫室氣體減量排放的目的。

Public bicycle system can play a crucial role in the green transportation system. It is used for short-distance commuting, shopping, leisure, or sports. Experiencing astonishing growth during past years, many bicycle sharing systems have been established worldwide. This study attempts to explore the role of Kaohsiung C-bike system in a short distance (2km) trip to commercial districts nearby mass rapid transit (MRT) stations with transportation mode choices including using C-bike, walking, riding a motorcycle, and taking a bus. We design a questionnaire to collect the data used in our empirical analysis, including travel costs, weather, trip purposes, and socioeconomic status. A nested logit model is built to estimate the mode choice results and further elasticity analysis is conducted. The likelihood ratio index shows that our nested logit model is appropriate. Travel cost, weather conditions, and socioeconomic status all will affect the use of C-bike. In addition, we simulate the scenarios where the travel costs for motorcycle and public bicycle changed. The results show that if we increase the travel cost of motorcycle and decrease of the travel cost of public bicycle simultaneously it will promote the use of public bicycle system. Therefore, in additional expanding the coverage of public bicycle stations, increasing motorcycle parking fee could be considered as an effective policy to encourage travelers to choose public bicycle as the last mile transit.