軸心區位與配置模式應用於定期貨櫃航線規劃之探討

APPLICATION OF HUB LOCATION AND ALLOCATION MODELS IN ROUTE PLANNING FOR CONTAINER LINER SERVICES

定期航運公司通常以系統化方式進行航線規劃以提供廣泛的服務。本研究利用軸心區位與配置模式應用於定期航運公司航線規劃。在考慮遠洋貨櫃運輸特性下，提出雙向單一指派混合整數規劃模式。此模式以最小總運送成本為目標式，包含母船之運輸成本與集貨航線之運輸與裝卸成本，可免除設定折扣係數，並可達到經濟規模之特性。本研究利用簡例整理出影響船舶靠港選擇之影響因素，包括母船彎靠港數、貨量多寡、轉口裝卸折扣率、船舶租金及燃料費等等。最後利用最佳化套裝軟體OPL進行國內某大定期貨櫃航商實際資料之驗證。

Liner shipping companies usually conducted an appropriate systematic analysis method in order to provide a wide range of route service. This study applied a hub location and allocation model to route planning of liner shipping companies. In considering the characteristics of deep-sea going service, this study proposes a mixed integer programming model with bi-directional single allocation. The proposed model aims to minimize total delivery cost, comprise transportation costs by mother ship, transportation and stevedoring costs in feedering, which can reflect the economies of scale on arcs without employing the discount coefficient. Through tested the proposed model with simple example, this study identified factors that may affect the choice of port to call, including the number of mother ship calls, quantities of delivered containers, transshipment discount rate of stevedoring, charter hires and bunker costs of ship etc. Finally, optimized software packages OPL was used to verify the real data from one top twenty liner shipping company.