城市景觀意象導向之輕軌車輛外型設計方案評選研究──以淡海輕軌為例

STUDY ON CITY LANDSCAPE IMAGE-ORIENTED EVALUATION OF EXTERIOR DESIGN OF LIGHT RAIL VEHICLE – THE CASE OF TAMHAI’S LRT

過去以公路行車效率最大化為目標的運輸規劃概念，面臨交通對環境產生負面衝擊的批判聲浪，開始有了回歸「人本交通」的呼籲。近年來蓬勃發展的輕軌運輸系統，即是回應此呼籲的最佳範例。尤其在交通衝擊評估中，「城市景觀意象」已漸受到規劃設計單位的重視，形塑新的城市移動地標亦成為評估項目之一。有鑒於此，本研究嘗試從使用者視角來探討人－－輕軌車輛外型－－城市景觀三者之關係，並參酌城市意象與景觀評估等理論而歸納出輕軌車輛外型設計的關鍵影響因素，據以提出可行的輕軌車輛外型設計方案，再依據視覺導向的互動式問卷結果，建構以複雜性理論為基礎的方案評選模式，確認使用者對輕軌車輛外型的評量尺度，最後過濾出符合城市意象的輕軌車輛外型設計之關鍵影響因子。本研究係以淡海輕軌為實證分析對象，運用德爾菲法訪談相關領域之專家學者，篩選出在地化之視覺景觀評估指標，作為後續車輛外型方案設計與建構評估指標體系之參考依據；然後進行互動式問卷調查設計，以視覺模擬技術呈現若干輕軌車輛外型設計融入淡水實景環境之樣貌；再依據問卷調查結果，運用加速遺傳演算及指數（0,2）標度法（AGA-ESM），進行輕軌車輛外型設計方案之評選，最後依據評選結果，歸納出淡海輕軌車輛外型設計之關鍵影響因素。

The goal of maximizing the optimal efficiency of road transportation is always to be achieved by transportation planners till now. Nevertheless, negative environmental effects caused by growing traffic make people aware that humanity-oriented transportation should be emphasized in transportation planning. In recent years, the promising development of light rail transit system has been promoted to meet this trend. Especially the concept of moving landmark standing for city image becomes one of meaningful factors for shaping city landscape image. This study aims at identifying relationships among users, exterior design of light rail vehicles, and landscape image factors by using interactive visual surveys and complexity theory-based evaluation models. Having reviewed theories of landscape image, key factors relating to exterior design of light rail vehicles are screened and summarized by two rounds of Delphi surveys. These filtered factors are used to propose exterior design alternatives of light rail vehicles. In addition, visual-oriented interactive questionnaires displayed by iPad are used to survey users’ opinions of different exterior design alternatives. With the help of complexity theory the AGA-ESM evaluation model is chosen to rank the priority of alternatives. Finally, the key landscape image factors derived from evaluation results can be identified.