以混合多準則評估模式建構臺灣鐵路立體化建設計畫之評選機制

USING THE HYBRID MCDM TO CONSTRUCT THE EVALUATION MECHANISM OF RAILWAY GRADE SEPARATION PROJECTS IN TAIWAN

長期以來，都會地區鐵路立體化建設為世界各國相當重視的課題。在過去大多採用成本效益分析作為評估的單一指標，往往導致缺乏一套兼顧鐵路營運發展與地方都市更新之建設機制，故無法創造雙贏的建設投資環境。本研究以理性決策模式建構我國鐵路立體化建設指標與審查機制，在有限資源分配下審查各縣市鐵路立體化計畫，並希將開發後土地效益挹注於建設成本中。本研究運用問題求解分析技術，先以專家座談與問卷調查方式進行，輔以模糊層級分析法（FAHP）進行權重分析，加採妥協性排名方法（VIKOR）評估排序。同時本研究建構之理性審查機制分成申請計畫書、可行性研究、綜合規劃及計畫核定後等4個階段的不同層面與指標，各階段之審查必要條件與審查重點及指標加以審議。在實例驗證上，分別篩選政府核定可行性研究與綜合規劃之計畫進行評估，結果顯示本研究所建構之評選制度確可符合政府施政效能之提升，建議交通部應儘速成立鐵路立體化審查委員會與鐵路立體化建設開發基金，輔助推動鐵路立體化建設機制作業更臻完備。

Railway grade separation projects for metropolitan areas of many countries have been highly focused for a long time. In past years, there has only been one evaluation criterion used, cost and benefit analysis. As such, we have been lacking a suitable mechanism for considering both the development of railway operations and urban re-development. Therefore, a win-win opportunity has not been achievable so far. The aim of this study is to establish the mechanism and evaluation criteria of railway grade separation projects using a rational and objective decision-making process. This will enable us to figure out the construction priority of railway grade separation projects under the constraint of limited resource, and also to use the profits from land development towards construction cost. This study adopts a forum and questionnaire of experts and uses the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarch Process (FAHP) to analyze the weighting of evaluation criteria. Furthermore, we utilize the VIKOR method in order to determine the construction priority of railway grade separation projects. The result shows the evaluation mechanism can be divided into four phases; application phase, feasibility study phase, comprehensive planning phase, and ratified project phase. The critical conditions, emphasis, and evaluation criteria in each phase are different. This research also uses actual projects as case studies in the feasibility study phase and comprehensive planning phase. The result shows that its prediction is very close to reality and we can propose improvement strategies for the relevant authorities. In order to execute the operation of railway grade separation projects more efficienctly and effectively, this study suggests that the relevant authority establishes an “evaluation committee of railway grade separation projects” and build “a development fund for railway grade separation projects.” It is hopeful that this study will be beneficial for the evaluation mechanism of the railway grade separation projects.