輸入型供應鏈風險分析

INBOUND SUPPLY CHAIN RISK ANALYSIS

有鑑於企業目前委外和合作最頻繁的活動，莫過於產品採購活動的管理，再加上考慮到供應鏈各階層相互依賴，任何一個環節的風險均可能導致整體供應鏈的重大衝擊，是以供應鏈輸入面的風險管理，不應只將焦點放在供應商一方的管理以及單期的討論。因此，本研究的主旨即為搜集整理各方面的供應鏈風險相關文獻，以建立輸入型供應鏈風險因素評估架構，其特點在於評估範圍，乃是自採購方企業策劃採購行動開始，簽訂合約後進行多期交易之間所可能會產生的各種輸入面供應鏈風險因素。本研究提出一個通用的結構，來提供企業依照自身環境和情況來調整進行運用，而不受限於特定行業或領域。本研究亦運用分析網路程序法以及模糊理論，實際為一製造業企業的輸入型風險進行評估，分析釐清各風險因素之間的關係以及其權重值，以供該企業對於其供應鏈情況的風險管理決策以及資源分配參考之用。

Product procurement management is one of the most important and frequently occurring activities of firms. Since all participants in the supply chain rely on each other, any risk in the supply chain can lead to a serious disruption to the whole network. This paper reviews the literature of inbound supply chain risk management and proposes an integrated method to classify and manage the inbound supply risk factors for manufacturing firms from a long-term point of view. By reviewing the literature of supply chain risk management, we propose a framework that evaluates risks occurring as early as the purchasing stage or as late as after-sales. The framework we develop is generalized so it can be adapted to different industries. By utilizing Analytic Network Process (ANP) and fuzzy theory, the proposed framework is capable to evaluate the inbound supply chain risks. Such analysis helps the firm identify the relationship among risk factors and the importance of each of them. This analytical result can help the firm make decisions, such as risk management decisions and resource allocation decisions.