船舶貨物裝卸承攬業於轉換型領導、組織氣氛、組織承諾及組織公民行為關係之跨層次實證分析

AN EMPIRICAL CROSS-LEVEL ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE, ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT, AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITZENSHIP BEHAVIOR

本研究的目的在於以階層線性模型，分析船舶貨物裝卸承攬業的轉換型領導與組織氣氛的脈絡效果和跨層次的調節效果，並探討裝卸承攬業員工的轉換型領導認知、組織承諾與組織公民行為之間的關係。本研究成功訪問22家經營船舶貨物裝卸承攬業的701位基層員工，以廻歸分析、結構方程模式與階層線性模型等統計方法，檢測與驗證假設結果。研究發現，在個體層次中，員工的轉換型領導認知對其組織承諾、組織承諾對其組織公民行為具有正向之影響，並且組織承諾在轉換型領導與組織公民行為之間具有中介效果。此外，在團體層次中，組織氣氛對組織承諾與組織公民行為具有脈絡效果，並且聚合的轉換型領導對組織承諾與組織公民行為之間的關係，具有跨層次的調節效果。本研究證實了學者認為在多層次的組織架構下，團體層次將影響個體層次結果變數的論點。最後，本文並對學術界與船舶貨物裝卸承攬業實務界，提供若干建議與未來研究方向。

The paper uses hierarchical linear models (HLM) to analyze context effects and cross-level interactions of transformational leadership (TL) and the organizational climate (OCL) of ship stevedore operator. The relationships between employee’s perceived TL, OC, and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) are also discussed. 701 first-level employees from 22 ship stevedore operator were interviewed in this study. Regression analysis, HLM and SEM were used to analyze and verify those hypotheses. At the individual level, the results show that TL positively influences the employee’s OC, while OC has a significant positive effect on the employee’s OCB. Furthermore, OC is found to have a mediating effect on the relationship between employee’s perceived TL and OCB. In addition, at the group level, the OCL possesses a contextual effect on OC, as well as on OCB. The aggregate TL has a cross-level interaction on the relationship between employee’s perceived OC and OCB. Our results have proven the argument presented that the outcome variables of the individual level will be also influenced by group level variables under the framework of a multilevel organization, and offered several suggestions and directions for studies to the ship stevedore operators and the academic industry.