鐵路司機員適應影響行車安全壓力源之能力量測

MEASUREMENT OF TRAIN DRIVERS’ ABILITY TO ADAPT STRESS WHEN DRIVING

本研究以軌道系統安全理論為基礎，嘗試從「環境」、「設備」、與「管理」三個構面去探索影響鐵路司機員行車安全之壓力源，並評量不同社經屬性司機員適應這些壓力源能力之差異。本研究首先透過焦點團體法篩選可能影響鐵路司機員行車安全之壓力源，再經由具相關專業經驗之專家以質化及量化之方法作進一步過濾後，製作成量測鐵路司機員適應影響其行車安全壓力源之能力量表，並以臺鐵局之司機員為實證研究之對象。本研究採用Rasch量測方法校估所有壓力源之適應難度與受測司機員之適應能力，以突破傳統將測驗所得之「原始等級尺度資料」當成「等距尺度資料」直接加以運算並進行統計推論所潛存之缺失。研究結果顯示，臺鐵局司機員於行車過程中較難適應並克服之行車安全壓力源主要來自環境構面，其次為來自設備構面之壓力，而來自管理構面之壓力則相對地低。至於鐵路司機員適應影響行車安全壓力源之能力，則發現經驗是影響其適應壓力之最主要因素，即服務年資愈長者，其適應壓力源之能力也愈高。本研究提供臺鐵局一套頗具價值之行車安全資訊，足以協助相關安全管理措施之研擬與推動。

This study was conducted to develop an approach from “environment”,“equipment”, and “management” to measure the ability of train drivers toadapt to job stress and ensure safe driving. Through focus group discussion andexpert judgment, a questionnaire was designed to explore the stressors confrontedby train drivers when driving and measure their ability to adapt to drivingstress. A survey was conducted to collect the responses of Taiwan RailwayAdministration (TRA) train drivers, and the Rasch model, which can estimatevalues on an interval scale from ordinal responses, was then applied to explorethe difficulties of various stressors to be confronted and the abilities of traindrivers to adapt to stress while driving. The study results showed that most of thecritical stressors come from the driving external environment, and is found to bethe most important factor to determine the ability to adapt to job stress for safedriving. The study results offer valuable information about the stressors confrontedby train drivers, and provide consultation assistance on railway safetymanagement.