兩岸三地樞紐港口選擇因素之探討

HUB PORT SELECTION FACTORS FOR CONTAINER CARRIERS ACROSS TAIWAN STRAIT

本文旨在探討影響越洋貨櫃航商在兩岸三地間，選擇樞紐港口的重要因素，並分析這些影響因素與樞紐港口可提供誘因之間的因果關係。本研究首先綜合相關文獻並參酌航商在兩岸三地四大樞紐港口 （上海港、高雄港、鹽田港與香港） 營運的特殊性，進行問卷設計調查，並以因素分析方法，篩選出影響航商之港口選擇以及吸引航商誘因的各項因素。繼而應用結構方程模式，以探討這些重要影響因素 （港口內部條件與外部環境、航商之營運策略配合因素）與樞紐港口營運誘因 （如增加營收、節省成本等） 之關係。研究結果顯示：貨櫃航商在樞紐港口之營運策略配合因素，對於航商整體營運成本之節省，具有正向之影響。且該因素與樞紐港口外部環境間，具有顯著之相關性。此外，樞紐港口外部環境愈佳，愈有助於貨櫃航商擴大其市場範圍與增加營收。最後，並依據研究結果，提出若干建議，以供參考。

The objectives of this study are to investigate major factors affecting hubport selection across Taiwan Strait for container carriers, as well as to explorethe causal relationships between these factors and the operational incentives tothe carriers. Firstly, a questionnaire survey was conducted based on anextensive literature review and the characteristics of shipping operation in hubports, such as Shanghai, Kaohsiung, Yantian and Hongkong. Factor analysiswas then used to identify major influential factors of port selection andoperational incentives to the liners. Moreover, a Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) approach was employed to examine the relationships between theinfluential factors of port selection, including the internal and external factors ofports and the operational strategy of container carriers, and the operationalincentives, such as market expansion, revenue increase, and cost saving of liners,etc. The results of this study indicate that the operational strategy of containercarriers has direct impacts on cost saving of liners and is positively correlatedwith the external factors of hub ports. In addition, the external factors havepositive impacts on market expansion and revenue increase of container carriers.Finally, suggestions and practical implications of the research findings for portauthorities are discussed.