非都會區公路之震災緊急搶修排程

SEISMIC EMERGENCY REHABILITATION SCHEDULING FOR RURAL HIGHWAYS

過去，多數以防救災工作為主的文獻研究，重點集中在市區及都會區之醫療、防火及警力派遣工作，而在非都會區之公路緊急搶修工作較少涉獵。惟地震災害對非都會區之運輸系統造成廣泛且嚴重之損壞，由於過去搶修目標的不適宜及搶修工作受限於搶修責任區的限制，所以緊急搶修效果不彰。本研究界定震災緊急搶修之目標為黃金72 小時內追求紓困最多之受困人員及搶修最多的道路里程，並對公路總局及所屬曾參與九二一震災公路緊急搶修單位之人員進行問卷調查，以輔證本緊急搶修模式。另外，本研究對影響緊急搶修因素做不同的組合，推算及建議一組可因應不同情境之簡易緊急搶修時間調整係數，以供分析者計算災點搶修所需時間。本研究先以簡易災害路網進行分析，再以南投縣實例進行演算，以傳統一般重大災害公路緊急搶修排程72小時之緊急搶修績效為基礎，進而以本研究所定義之緊急搶修目標，分別在責任區制及不分區制情境下之緊急搶修排程績效進行比較。

Most of the previous studies on disaster countermeasure focused on disasterprevention, such as the allocation/dispatching of medical resources, fire fighterand police forces in urban areas. Only a few studies provided better ways ofemergency rehabilitation after disasters in non-urban areas. Since theobjectives chosen in the previous studies were inappropriate for theconstruction of disaster rehabilitation, and their assumed rehabilitationconstructions were constrained by the predefined duty areas, the proposedsolutions’ performance has been affected significantly. The goals of seismicemergency rehabilitation in this study are to reduce the maximum number ofsuffered people and to repair the maximum kilometers of open roads. Wesurveyed workers of the Directorate General of Highways whose units haveparticipated in Chi-Chi earthquake rehabilitation. Surveys are conducted toexamine if there are differences between their preferred objectives and theissues concluded in the discussion after operation. The findings will be used tosupport the construction of scheduling models. The study has also defineddifferent sets of possible factors affecting emergency rehabilitation time. Basedon that, we have calculated and recommended a set of simple time adjustmentparameters to expedite analysis. In the study, a simple disaster network wasused for analysis. Then, an empirical case has been used to test the feasibility ofthe proposed algorithm. The performances of a traditional emergencyrehabilitation scheduling method in 72 hours post-earthquake have been treatedas a basic comparing group. The rehabilitation performances associated withthe objective function proposed in the study under the scenario of duty zonesystem and non-duty zone system are measured. Finalty, the environmentscenario collected from Nan-Tou County were used to verify the feasibility of theproposed scheduling model.