機場模擬模式之建立與跑道容量分析

DEVELOPING AN AIRPORT SIMULATION MODEL AND RUNWAY CAPACITY ANALYSIS

本研究目的在於建立一機場模擬模式，針對航機於機場運作進行探討。所構建之模式係以節點與節線架構空邊路網，整個系統主程式包含航機產生、登機門、後推、滑行道、跑道管理、到場、接續等七個模組，以處理航機產生於停機坪、指派使用登機門、滑行、使用跑道起降與橫越等不同事件。本研究以中正機場與松山機場實際運作進行模式之驗證，驗證指標為離、到場延滯、後推延滯、起飛等候延滯、抵達節點時間間距等五項，上述指標皆通過統計之平均值檢定，顯示本模式可適當反映實際運作。此外並針對中正機場與松山機場進行容量分析。結果顯示，於目前運作下，中正與松山機場終極跑道容量每小時分別約為72架與40架；倘若中正機場兩跑道可獨立運作且外在環境無任何限制時，則終極跑道容量理想值約為80架／小時。

This study develops an airport simulation model for analyzing the performance of airport operations. This model includes seven modules, i.e., Trip Generation, Gate Assignment, Push Back, Taxiway Maneuvering, Runways Utilization Management, Approaching, and Banking. This model simulates the aircraft ground operations in great detail. Thus, it can provide very detailed information about the performances of runways, taxiways, and gates. A very comprehensive validation test is conducted for this model. The validation criteria include arrival delay distribution, departure delay distribution, push back delay distribution, inter-arrival time distribution, and taxing time distribution. A thorough statistic test is conducted for both mean and probability distribution for each validation criteria. All results show this model works satisfactorily. This model is applied to analyze the capacity for CKS Airport and Sung Shan Airport respectively. The ultimate runway capacity of CKS Airport is 72 operations per hour currently and could be improved to 80 operations per hour when its two parallel runways operate independently and in ideal conditions. Sung Shan Airport can have at most 40 operations per hour currently.