兒童注意力不足過動症（ADHD）與運動

Exercise and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

本研究的目的是探討運動影響兒童注意力不足過動症認知功能之研究，並提出具體建議。以文獻回顧方式整理急性、慢性運動影響ADHD兒童認知之研究。本文回顧結果，急性運動正向影響大腦，促進注意力及執行功能。慢性運動則對認知、粗大動作等具有成效並緩解核心症狀。整體研究結論，急性及慢性運動對ADHD兒童認知及症狀具效益，培養運動習慣相當重要，每次運動的急性效益，累積為長期效益，穩定提升神經傳遞物質分泌，協助症狀管理。建議每日執行中強度運動30分鐘，另可參與運動社團並利用課堂下課時間執行簡單運動，協助提升課堂中的專注力。未來研究建議，可以探討個人與團體運動所產生之效應上的差異、個人特徵是否對運動效應產生調節效果、嘗試直接觀察或安慰劑對照組來達到客觀測量。

This study purpose was to explore the effect of exercise on the cognitive functions of ADHD children and propose recommendations. To review literatures related research about the effects of acute and chronic exercises on the cognitive abilities of children with ADHD. Result to find the acute exercise may positively influence brain functions, improve attention and executive function. Chronic exercises were effective in improving cognition, gross motor skills and alleviate core symptoms. This study concluded that both acute and chronic exercises were beneficial for the cognition and symptom improvement of children with ADHD and it was important to develop regular exercise habit. The acute benefits of each exercise session will accumulate in the long-run into long-term benefits, and will improve the secretion of neurotransmitters and assist in symptom management. We recommend implementing moderate exercise for 30 minutes each day, or to participate in sports clubs and engage in simple exercises during recess, which may help to improve attention during classes. For future studies, we recommend studying the differences of effects between individual and group exercises, and whether personal characteristics will produce modulating effects on the benefits of exercises. The studies may be through direct observation or performed through placebo/control setting to achieve the objected observation.