台灣護理人員職場暴力經驗及其相關因素研究

Nurse Violence in the Workplace: A Study of Experiences and Related Factors in Taiwan

背景：職場暴力是目前全球關注的焦點，尤其是醫療機構中職場暴力事件時常以護理人員發生的機率最高。目的：探討台灣地區醫療機構中護理人員職場暴力事件之盛行率及其相關因素。方法：使用橫斷式研究設計法，採方便取樣，發出紙本問卷1,000份，回收有效問卷525份。結果：本研究結果顯示有294位（56%）護理人員於職場中曾經歷「精神暴力」事件；而經歷「身體暴力」事件者則有103位（19.6%）。若以身體暴力、言語辱罵、威脅／滋擾、性騷擾分別視之，以「語言暴力」發生的機率最高（271位，51.6%）。而暴力事件發生相關因子包含年齡、性別、教育、工作年資、輪班。另外，所有護理人員指出主要施暴者依序是病患、其家屬（親戚）與工作同儕，而僅有198位（37.7%）護理人員指出工作機構有建置暴力事件通報的具體機制。結論：實務應用背景：職場暴力是目前全球關注的焦點，尤其是醫療機構中職場暴力事件時常以護理人員發生的機率最高。目的：探討台灣地區醫療機構中護理人員職場暴力事件之盛行率及其相關因素。方法：使用橫斷式研究設計法，採方便取樣，發出紙本問卷1,000份，回收有效問卷525份。結果：本研究結果顯示有294位（56%）護理人員於職場中曾經歷「精神暴力」事件；而經歷「身體暴力」事件者則有103位（19.6%）。若以身體暴力、言語辱罵、威脅／滋擾、性騷擾分別視之，以「語言暴力」發生的機率最高（271位，51.6%）。而暴力事件發生相關因子包含年齡、性別、教育、工作年資、輪班。另外，所有護理人員指出主要施暴者依序是病患、其家屬（親戚）與工作同儕，而僅有198位（37.7%）護理人員指出工作機構有建置暴力事件通報的具體機制。結論：實務應用本研究呈現台灣區護理人員承受職場暴力實證經驗，可協助護理行政、護理教育與醫院管理者對職場暴力事件發生以及護理人員執業境安全的改善與控制。

Background: Workplace violence is an issue that recognizes no national boundaries. Nurses face a higher than averagelevel of violence in the healthcare institutions in which they work.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of workplace violence and its related factorsamongst nurses in healthcare settings in Taiwan.Methods: A cross-sectional study using a convenience sampling technique was conducted. A total of 1,000 questionnaireswere distributed, with 525 valid returns received.Results: Results showed that 294 (56%) nurses reported having experienced physical violence. One hundred and threenurses (19.6%) reported experiencing psychological violence and 271 reported experiencing verbal abuse (51.6%). Factorsfound in this study to have a significant relationship with violence included age, gender, education background,job seniority and work shift status. The most significant groups of violence perpetrators were, in order of importance,patients, patient families/relatives, and co-workers. Despite the high prevalence of violence at healthcare institutions,only 198 (37.7%) participants agreed that their workplace had established violence reporting guidelines.Conclusions / Implications: Results provide specific data and insights into the prevalence of workplace violencefaced by nurses in Taiwan. These findings may help nursing administrators, educators and healthcare managers prevent,reduce, and control such incidents in the future.