改造動員：太行根據地的糾「左」

The Transformation of Mobilization: The Rectification of Leftist Tendencies in the Taihang Base Area

動員是中共重要的革命話語和實踐，中共在革命歷程中，動員的方式以及對動員的認識都在不斷調整。動員的一大困境是要麼動員不起來，要麼過「左」。抗戰階段，基於太行根據地相對特殊的內外環境，過「左」傾向一度強烈發展，對根據地造成嚴重傷害，不得不嚴厲糾正。在「左」與「糾左」的反復中，領導上對「左」的認識發生了顯著變化，大體而言就是「左」不可怕，甚至是必要的，因領導上認為群眾運動是可控制的。在對「左」的處理上，得出的一個重要經驗是：要區分群眾行動上的「左」和組織領導上的「左」。前者不可怕，對後者則須保持警惕。從往後的歷史進程來看，這種關於「左」的認識和判斷以及動員的困境並未就此而止，而是一再出現。

Mobilization constituted an important part of the Chinese Communist Party's revolutionary discourse as well as practice. During the course of the revolution, the CCP continuously modified its means as well as its interpretation of mobilization. A conundrum faced by the CCP in mobilization was that it was either entirely unsuccessful, or exhibited extreme leftist tendencies. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, owing to the unique internal and external conditions of the Taihang Base Area, extreme leftist tendencies grew dramatically for a time, causing serious harm to the Base Area itself and compelling the CCP leadership to adopt drastic measures to curb these tendencies. Alternating between “moving leftwards” and “rectification of the left,” the interpretation of “the left” by the CCP leadership underwent significant change. The CCP leadership generally felt that “moving leftwards” was harmless, even necessary, because it was confident in its ability to control mass movements. From its treatment of “the left,” the CCP concluded that the party ought to differentiate between the leftist actions of the masses and the leftist tendencies of its own leadership, and that the former was harmless while the latter had to be guarded against. Judging from the trajectory of the subsequent history, this interpretation and judgment of “the left” as well as the conundrum of mobilization did not end with the War of Resistance, but kept reappearing long after the war was over.