二十世紀中國華北農村基層領導特質的演變－－一個口述歷史的考察

The Transition of North China's Rural Leadership in the Twentieth Century: An Oral History Investigation

本文擬利用二十世紀滿鐵與三谷孝等學者對華北農村的調查，重新檢視二十世紀中國農村基層領導特質的演變。學者如杜贊奇等人也曾利用滿鐵的調查資料探討1949年以前的華北農村，提出著名的國家內捲化理論。本文除了將重新檢視此一理論外，還欲進一步探究1949年以後中國農村基層領導特質的演變。究竟1949年前後中國農村基層領導的特質有何不同，1950年代、1960年代，以及1980年代改革開放以後，中國農村基層領導的特質又分別發生了如何的改變，此一改變與外在的客觀環境與國家政策的變遷有何關係。本文將利用前述兩套口述歷史紀錄，佐以其他檔案材料，試圖探究農民眼中清末以來迄1980年代各個時期中國農村基層領導的不同特質，及其所反映國家政策與客觀環境的變遷。

This article reexamines the transition of North China's rural leadership in the twentieth century using the Mantetsu surveys and other scholars' village studies of North China. Scholars such as Prasenjit Duara also used Mantetsu surveys to explore rural North China before 1949, and Duara proposed the famous theory of state involution. This article will also review this theory. Moreover, this article further explores the transition of North China's rural leadership after 1949. Was there any difference between North China's rural leadership before and after 1949? And what happened to North China's rural leadership in the 1950s, 1960s, and after the economic reform of China in 1980s? Finally, how did objective context and state policy influence the transition of North China's rural leadership? This article targets these subjects.