臺灣平面媒體呈現的「牙刷主義」爭議（1976-1980）

Controversial Issue Regarding Green Card Seen in Taiwan’s Printed Media (1976-1980)

隨著1970年代中華民國在國際外交上面臨一連串的挫敗，使人們對臺灣前途產生不確定感，因此許多有能力的人便透過各種途徑移民美國。許多黨政軍高層人士透過管道取得綠卡這個公開的秘密為當時輿論所詬病。這些特權人士的行徑不僅被外界譏諷為「牙刷主義」者之外，更引發當時輿論的強烈撻伐。「牙刷主義」同時也挑動當時鄉土意識高漲的臺灣社會的認同危機，國民黨政府在面對「牙刷主義」的曖昧態度亦為黨外人士抨擊國民黨政府的口實。當年「牙刷主義」所引發的認同危機更是持續至今。本文旨在探討在當時戒嚴體制下新聞自由受限的臺灣平面媒體如何報導這個問題，這些報導如何呈現出當時臺灣社會的集體心態與社會氛圍，以及臺灣意識認同與中華民國認同這兩種不同的認同意識在「牙刷主義」爭議展現的分歧。

When ROC in years of crisis in 1970s, Many of Taiwanesepeople face the future with a profound sense of uncertainty andforeboding, many people including KMT government officers triedto immigrate to the U.S. Many privileged classes to obtain a greencard are an open secret that this was criticized by public opinionthrough the pipeline. These acts are not only privileged peopleoutside ridiculed as “toothbrush doctrine” by outside; Tang-Waimovement also criticized the KMT government’s excuse. Becomethe social problems emigrated to the U.S. derived. This paperpresents the impact of the 1976-1980 Taiwan printed media at thetime how to reported by emigration and these stories showing howthe collective mentality of the time and the gradual rise ofTaiwanese society through Tang-Wai magazines for the KMTgovernment criticism the various views oriented.