安身立命於民族國家之中？當代民族國家少數族群/民族的生存與適應

Nation-state, a Wonderland for Colorful Livesand Peaceful Settlements?Solutions and Strategies of Ethnic Minoritiesto the Predicaments in and by Modern Nations

自民族國家走入人類歷史舞台，民族單元與政治單元合而為一，就被視為理所當然的政治共同體組成原則。絕大多數民族國家的土地上，住有為數眾多文化群體。為了實現這個政治原則，握有權力的族群或民族，透過高文化發明一個不存在的新民族，以建構民族國家。非統治階層的少數民族／族群，則在民族國家被建構的過程中，面臨文化打壓與生存問題。然而，他們沒有被動地等待統治者的政策，他們有自己的生存與適應方式。本文透過幾個民族誌資料，耙梳當代民族國家如何被建構，以及少數民族／族群如何面對統治者的國族建構工程。

Since history witnessed the appearance of nation-state, it had beenrecognized as the taken-for-granted-political-principle that national andpolitical units should be congruent. However, prior to the nation-stateconstructed, there had been more than one ethnic or national groups abidingon the land incorporated into territory of nation-state. To accomplish theprinciple, the group holding ruling power always invented or constructed aso-called high culture to build nation-state and ethnic/national minoritieswithout power usually underwent cultural oppressions by the ruling group.The minority groups did not passively wait to be dealt by the regime. Theydeveloped their own solutions and strategies to the oppressions. This articleattempts to examine how the high culture is constructed and further used tobuild modern nation-state, as well as how ethnic/national minorities tackledthe oppressive policies imposed by government.