華人本土心理學的文化主體策略

The Approaches for Cultural Subjectivity in Chinese Indigenous Psychology

《本土心理學研究》創刊至今已過二十個年頭。如今看來，心理學本土化並非只是一個知識權力的運動，更是一個學術路線的開創運動。其中最重要的工作，是在學術殖民的陰影下，開出一條知識論與方法論上的道路。本土心理學所面臨的根本問題可以被表述為：(1)如何看待西方或北美心理學對其他地區之心理學學術與實務的支配現象並做出反應？以及(2)如何追求切合於本土社會文化的心理學知識但又有著理解人類普同性的朝向？而二十多年來學者們所提出的回應論述，不但形成了一片思想風景，更可視為華人本土心理學發展之文化主體策略展示。本文因此將以楊國樞、黃光國、宋文里，以及余德慧等四位學者的論述為材料，以上述兩項問題挑戰與文化主體策略的視角，來梳理這一路來華人本土心理學在知識論與方法論上的論辯。本文認為，楊國樞以本土契合性判準及全球心理學目標建構了「以本土化心理學為最高位階的主體策略」，黃光國以理論微世界與含攝文化的心理學建構了「以科學哲學為平台挑戰西方學術霸權的主體策略」，宋文里以現代漢語的溯源建構了「漢語文化心理學的主體策略」，以及余德慧以現象學取向的本土臨床心理學建構了「從語言到存在的主體策略」。

The indigenization movement in psychology that emerged inChinese societies over 20 years ago is an innovative academic enterprise.There are two epistemological and methodological challenges to thisacademic movement: How to understand and respond to the dominationof Western psychology, and how to pursue psychological knowledgethat is compatible both with indigenous and universal principles. Inaddressing these challenges, Chinese scholars’ have made use of differentstrategies which indicate the pursuit of to address cultural subjectivity,that is, the subjectivity upon the legitimation of asserting cultural basisto psychology. In this article, I outline the strategies underlying theworks of Kuo-Shu Yang, Kwang-Kuo Hwang, Wen-Li Soong, andDer-Huey Yee, and delineate how they responded to the challenges.Kuo-Shu Yang portrayed indigenized psychology as a strategy forasserting cultural subjectivity. Kwang-Kuo Hwang advocatedcultural-inclusive psychology as a strategy for addressing culturalsubjectivity to challenge by applying the philosophy of science as aplatform for addressing the hegemony of Western psychology. Wen-LiSoong traced the origins of modern usage of Chinese language andsuggested that this knowledge supports a cultural psychology of Chinese language. Der-Huey Yee presented a strategy for moving fromlanguage to existence in his phenomenological indigenous clinicalpsychology. Analysis of these strategies for cultural subjectivityprovides young psychologists a map to follow in constructing their owninnovative theories and practices for indigenous psychology.