日佔時期香港醫療衛生的管理模式︰以《香港日報》為主要參考

The Management of Health Care and Hygiene in Hong Kong under the Japanese Occupation: Using Honkon Nippō as the Main Reference

香港社會對日佔時期的理解和認識，現時仍多以負面描述為主，反形成一種認識盲點。誠然，日佔時期確實是香港社會的一段艱苦歲月，絕大多數民眾因戰亂而流離失所、生活困窘。雖然如此，日佔政府究竟憑藉怎麼樣的措施來管理香港？可惜現有學術討論仍未擺脫負面批評的主調，只著眼社會底層的生活艱難，未有了解和分析日佔政府的管治手段。如此則較難就這時期的歷史建立全面且客觀的認識。醫療衛生範疇正是其中一個缺口，主要研究除藥物匱乏、醫療支援不足的紀錄及批評外，便無從其他角度嘗試理解日佔政府的政策含意，更遑論給予日佔歷史負面以外的意義。然而，縱使日佔政府的統治暴戾，它卻為政府在醫療衛生事務上的角色帶來轉變，對戰後香港社會的相關發展不無意義。為了將日佔歷史從單單的負面評價中解放，本文遂以一份由日本人營運的報刊為材料，集中討論日佔政府在醫療衛生事務上所設計的管理制度，旨在補充香港社會就日佔歷史僅有的負面敘述和認識。

The current perception of the Japanese occupation in Hong Kong remains extremely negative, which deserves further academic investigation. Generally, Hong Kong society experienced a tough time during the occupation, when most people suffered from losing home, starvation and holocausts because of the war. However, besides the crudity and rudeness of the Japanese occupation, how Japan administered Hong Kong remains a question, which requires more academic review. Nevertheless, discussions in the academia nowadays seem to be easily trapped in negative criticism. A more balanced historical understanding has yet been generated. For example, criticism of lacking drugs or medical support has dominated the main narrative about health care and hygiene without examination from other perspective. Although the Japanese occupation brought Hong Kong a cruel rule, the government had changed the roles it played in medical and sanitary affairs. Such changes carry historic meanings to Hong Kong society in the post-war period. In order to draw a comprehensive picture of the history, this article sheds new light on understanding the history of Hong Kong under the Japanese occupation by focusing on the administrative system of health care and hygiene.