義素為本的詞語教學──以關鍵義素組構詞語網絡

Sememe-based Teaching of Word Meanings—Word Network Constructed with Key Sememes

提高華語詞彙素養以及提升詞語使用等級，是中級以上華語學習者提高語言能力的關鍵，因此本文基於聯結理論提出透過義素與詞語之鏈結，以關鍵義素組構詞語網絡進行華語詞語學習。本研究以組詞率高的義素「開」為主體，透過資料庫得出義素「開」的詞語，再由詞頻次數及語料庫例句確認一組具有華語優先學習價值「開」的複合詞，復以認知語言學的語法連綿性導入語義連綿性，分析出「開」具有代表性的特徵屬性，並勾勒4個「開」的意象圖式（image），再據以分析「開」於複合詞中的不同義素。分析結果得出「開」具有6個不同義素，再以之為關鍵義素使「開」的43筆複合詞得以歸併為六組詞語網絡，最後提出詞語網絡教學原則，以供華語教師及教材編撰者參考。
（本文於2020.03重新修訂）

One of the main ways of enhancing the language proficiency of Chinese learners above the intermediate level is to assist them in improving their Chinese vocabulary literacy and usage level. Thus, based on the connection between sememes and words advanced in the Connectionism theory, this study proposes that word teaching can be conducted by using a word network constructed with key sememes. This study retrieves words with the high-frequency sememe, kai, from the corpus, and examines word frequency and sentence use in order to determine a set of kai-compounds that are worth learning in an earlier stage. This study then integrates the syntax-lexicon continuum in cognitive linguistics with the semantic continuum, indicates the attributes of kai, presents its 4 images, and then analyzes the sememes of compounds with kai. The results show that kai has 6 sememes, which can be used to categorize 43 kaicompounds into 6 word networks. Finally, a teaching guide on the 6 word networks is provided as a reference for Chinese teachers and textbook compilers.
（本文於2020.03重新修訂）