重新認識法律意識形態

A New Perspective of Legal Ideology

在強調市場發揮決定性作用、社會自治以及保障個人權利的新時代背景下，有必要對當代中國既有的法律意識形態進行重構。為此，本文梳理國家治理體系現代化過程中出現的主要價值觀，從中提煉出關於正統性的若干種最基本的理論主張：自然法和社會契約、文化傳統或民族精神、社群主義性質的公共哲學以及科學的歷史唯物論，並從不同的視角進行解讀，發現法治秩序在價值層面存在內在矛盾，必須以個人主義與社群主義、合理性與共同性、權利與功利之間的對立為基本分析框架。如果要揚棄這一系列深刻的矛盾，擺脫法律形式性思維的兩難困境，不得不承認原理競合、為不同訴求或政策導向之間的比賽提供充分的溝通機會和選擇空間。推而論之，某種具有政府、市場、社會三元結構的共和主義應該、也有可能成為未來中國的法律意識形態，公正程序則構成整合的制度基礎。

It is necessary to reconstruct the existing legal ideology of contemporary China in the context of emphasizing a decisive role of the market, social autonomy and the protection of individual rights today. This article will sort the major social values in the modernization of state, and extract several fundamental theories such as natural law and social contract, cultural tradition and national spirit, communitarianist public philosophy as well as historical materialism. The author interpreted these positions from another new perspective, and found that the inner contradiction hided in the value level of legal order must be analyzed by the antagonist frameworks of individualism vs. communitarianism, rationality vs. common identity, rights vs.utility. To overcome this series of contradictions and get rid of the dilemma of formalist legal thinking mode, people have to admit the market of opinions and provide adequate communication opportunities and choices for the competition among different demands or policies. Therefore, a kind of republicanism with triangular relationship of government, market and society should and could become the legal ideology in China from now on, and procedural justice is the institutional foundation for integration.