某高職學生流行性感冒預防行為及其相關因素研究

A Study on Influenza Preventive Behavior and Related Factors among Students at a Vocational High School

流行性感冒是校園常見的急性呼吸道傳染病，因傳染力強、擴散迅速，常形成社會問題，影響學生受教權益，卻鮮少有文獻深入探討影響學生流行性感冒預防行為的因素。本研究旨在應用健康信念模式，探討高職學生流行性感冒預防行為及其相關因素。採橫斷式研究設計，以臺中市某高職日校578名學生為對象，進行結構式問卷調查，回收有效問卷347份（有效回收率60.0%）。以皮爾森積差相關、單因子變異數分析、複迴歸分析，進行推論性統計分析。結果顯示：流行性感冒嚴重性認知（r = .21, p < .001）、流行性感冒預防行為有效性認知（r= .36, p < .001）、流行性感冒預防行為行動線索（r = .15, p = .005）、流行性感冒預防行為自我效能（r = .50, p< .001）與流行性感冒預防行為呈顯著正相關。流行性感冒預防行為有效性認知，以及流行性感冒預防行為的自我效能，是流行性感冒預防行為主要的預測變項，其中以流行性感冒預防行為自我效能最具影響力。衛生及教育主管單位可考慮提供流行性感冒預防行為有效性之實證資料，透過電視、網路等大眾傳播媒體，傳遞正確流行性感冒知識訊息；並提升學生流行性感冒預防行為的自我效能，以增進學生流行性感冒預防行為。

This study was conducted to determine the influenza prevention behavior of vocational school students andrelevant factors by applying the Health Belief Model. A cross-sectional quantitative research method was used, and astructured questionnaire survey was administered to 578 full-time students at a vocational school in Taichung City.Finally, 347 valid questionnaires returned (the valid return rate is 60.0%). Pearson’s product-moment correlationanalysis, one-way analysis of variance, and multiple regression analysis were applied to conduct inferential statisticalanalyses. The findings are as follows: Perceived severity of influenza (r = .21, p < .001), perceived benefits of takingaction against influenza (r = .36, p < .001), cues to action for preventive behavior against influenza (r = .15, p = .005),and self-efficacy in preventive behavior against influenza (r = .50, p < .001) are positively correlated with preventivebehavior against influenza. Perceived benefits of taking action against influenza and self-efficacy in preventive behavioragainst influenza are major predictors, and self-efficacy in preventive behavior against influenza is the most influentialpredictor. Health and education authorities may consider providing the empirical data of perceived benefits of takingaction against influenza through mass media, such as TV and the Internet to pass on correct knowledge and informationof influenza and to enhance self-efficacy in preventive behavior against influenza for increasing influenza preventionbehavior.