清乾隆時期臺灣的番界清釐與地圖繪製：以中國蘭州西北師範大學圖書館藏 〈清釐臺屬漢番邊界地圖〉為例

Han-aborigine Boundary Map of Qing Taiwan under Emperor Qianlong (1711-1799): Case Study of Library Collection at Northwest Normal University of Lanzhou, China

本文係以中國蘭州西北師範大學圖書館所藏之〈清釐臺屬漢番邊界地圖（藍番界圖）〉為例，探討乾隆時期臺灣的番界清釐與地圖繪製。本文得出以下三 點觀察：第一，本文透過史料的考證，確知該圖係乾隆 23 年（1758）時，臺灣文 武官員首次共同合作繪製地圖以說明新、舊番界（紅、藍線）的變化及其位置。 第二，本文發現這張以番界為主題之臺灣地圖，在地理空間的形勢上，更為詳盡 地呈現山岳與河流中上游地區的描繪，例如：首次完整繪製濁水溪流域。第三， 由於官員透過地圖的繪製過程，一方面將番界的標示方式，從過去的點狀界址轉 為連續性界線，並以土牛溝的方式落實於淡水廳與彰化縣的地表空間。另一方面， 官員針對臺灣中、北部地區界內與界外行政空間的繪製，亦呈現出整體軍事布防 與界內、外田賦整理的規畫。所以，從人文空間的呈現來看，這張番界圖除了說 明新、舊番界的變化，同時也反映出臺灣官員對於中、北部地區的行政構想。

Using the library collection at Northwest Normal University of Lanzhou, Gansu, China, this study analyzes the Han-aborigine boundary maps delineated by the Qing Dynasty during the reign of Emperor Qianlong (1711-1799). Examining related historical materials revealed that the Han-aborigine boundary map of 1758 was the first to be created through the collaboration of civil and military officials in Taiwan. It served to illustrate changes in the boundary with the old and new boundary lines drawn in blue and red, respectively. Reconnaissance of Commander-in-Chief Ma Longtu contributed to the detailed depiction of geographical features such as the Zhuoshui Creek. With such precision, accurate demarcation of the boundary could be made using continuous lines to replace the previous dotted boundary. Hence, earthen oxen could be clearly and correctly erected to define boundary lines in Tamsui Prefecture and Zhanghua Prefecture. The drawing of this map also enabled officials in northern and central Taiwan to propose plans for constructing military garrisons and reorganizing agricultural land within their jurisdiction. In other words, this map served as a blueprint for official administration policies as well as defense strategies and marked a turning point in the history of eighteenth-century Qing Taiwan.