家族企業之興業行為：探究忠僕型經理人、開創性導向以及新產品開發之關係

Entrepreneurial Behavior in Family Business: The Investigation on the Relationship among Steward-Like Managers, Explorative Orientation and New Product Development

過去幾年，學界已累積了不少家族企業興業行為的相關研究，但對於促成興業行為的因素卻仍未有定論。部分學者認為家族企業提供之環境是形塑興業行為的良好場域，但亦有不少學者指出家族企業背負的保守精神正是阻礙改變的主因。本文以忠僕理論為依據，意在解析管理者的忠僕傾向，包括決策廣度、參與治理以及長期導向正是誘發企業開創性導向並提升新產品開發績效的驅動因素。透過186家的台灣家族企業，本文的實證結果顯示，管理者之忠僕傾向的確會促進企業整體的開創性導向，並進一步影響新產品開發之狀況，此外，家族社會資本亦會調和忠僕傾向以及開創性導向之關係。本研究之貢獻在於喚醒各界關注管理者的忠僕特質在公司整體興業傾向以及創新表現中所扮演之角色及其重要性。

Although the literature on entrepreneurial behavior of family firms continues to accumulate, the causes behind such behavior remain inconclusive. While some scholars view family businesses as breeding grounds of innovation and entrepreneurship, others consider family businesses to be conservative and resistant to change. Drawing on the stewardship perspective, this study aims to argue how managers’ stewardship orientation, in terms of decision comprehensiveness, participative governance and long-term orientation, shapes firm innovativeness through altering the company-wide explorative orientation. In a sample of 186 Taiwanese family firms, the empirical results show that stewardship orientation drives managers to initiate explorative activities which, in turn, enhance the performance of new product development (NPD). Furthermore, the NPD performance effect of stewardship orientation is strengthened in conjunction with family social capital. Our study contributes to entrepreneurship literature by highlighting the importance of managers’ stewardship orientation to the entrepreneurial orientation and the innovation outcome in the context of family business.