從文學革命到文化冷戰侯健與新人文主義的兩岸軌跡

From Literary Revolution to Cultural Cold War Hou Chien and New Humanism across the Taiwan Strait

當代中港台文學的分流與交會，與1947年後全球冷戰分斷體制的建立，有著密切的關係。然而，僅僅以美蘇對抗的歷史分期來理解冷戰，無法充份貼近兩岸三地的歷史經驗，因為國際冷戰同時疊合著國共內戰的軌跡，分斷體制實為一個至今依然穩固的雙戰構造。如何重新理解冷戰與內戰的關連，乃是東亞冷戰研究的重要課題。本文將以渡台文人侯健的文學批評為中心，透過他的文字與思想，來追索兩岸的冷戰經驗是如何在文學創作與批評的場域裡展開的。作為梁實秋的弟子與新人文主義的傳人，侯健的著作（含評論、研究與譯作），一方面反映了新人文主義的文學品味與政治脾性，另一方面則對「從文學革命到革命文學」的思想進程進行了整理與批判。他所提出的「民生文學說」正是對抗社會主義文藝思想的利器。他對文學的政治性與民族性的思考，不僅反映了文學思想如何受到冷戰意識型態的制約，更突出了一條「從文學革命到文化冷戰」的思路，至今仍在兩岸三地的文化與政治空間裡發酵和作用著。

This article is an attempt to rethink the Cold War discourse in the West by injecting a discussion of the Chinese Civil War as its constitutive experience. It focuses on the work of Hou Chien, a Chinese literary critic in Taiwan, as an entry point for linking the Cold War and the Chinese Civil War with the aim of understanding the Division System across the Taiwan Strait and beyond. It contends that the Division System is built upon both the Cold War and the Chinese Civil War, and therefore an understanding of how the Civil War was— and still is being—fought across the Taiwan Strait is crucial to the critique of Cold War discourse in the West. More specifically, it regards Hou’s New Humanist work in the 1970s as intersecting with the dual-war structure to project a “Chinese” future that will be built upon a critical reflection of the modernity legacy in the West. Reading Hou’s works in literary criticism within this geopolitical context also suggests the possibility of understanding the political character of New Humanism in the dual contexts of the Cold War cross-Taiwan Strait politics.