通訊保障及監察法修正評析──論徘徊於治安與人權間之通聯紀錄調取

A Study on the Amendment of the Communication Security and Surveillance Law

科技持續發展的今天，新興的法律管制領域愈益增加。「通訊行動」的保護，在科技時代尤為重要的法律議題。我國於2014年1月29日修正通訊保障及監察法，採用美國及德國法取向「基本人權及隱私保護」的立法架構，通保法於第11條之1增訂了通聯紀錄調取，須符合令狀（法官保留）原則之相關規定，嗣後2014年8月25日法務部又做了函釋，通訊使用者基本資料，因通保法漏未規範，得逕向電信業者調取，免用「調取票」，不受令狀（法官保留）原則之拘束。通保法因倉促立法之故，諸多問題也因通聯紀錄「調取票」之增訂而亂象環生，急待再次修法解決。如何在有效的刑事追訴之外，復能兼顧人權的保障，為近代刑事法之重要課題。本文借鏡德國與美國的法制現況與實務意見，並設法將其融入我國未來修法參考。

The technological advance and improvement lead to many new legal issues. The protection of “communication activities” is one of the most important topics. By adopting the main conception of “human rights and privacy protection” in American and Germany legislation, Taiwan has already amended the Communication Security and Surveillance Act (CSSA) on January 29, 2014. Under section Article 11-1 of the CSSA, the law enforcements need a warrant to access information of the communication records and communication user data. The Ministry of Justice ruled on August 25, 2014, stating“the law enforcement can access communication user data without a warrant because it does not regulate under CSSA”. Because of hasty legislation, the CSSA has many problems in need of amending the law to solve again. It is important issue how to highly effective criminal proceedings and protection of human rights and privacy for the modern criminal law. However, whether CSSA’s amendment could be suitable for Taiwan’s legal system which is influenced by American and Germany’s theories would be a core point to be concentrated. The author will explore these problems in view of American and German criminal law and practice.