互惠式教學形式於國小射箭課程之應用

The Application of Reciprocal Teaching Style on Archery Teaching in elementary school

目的: 本文旨在探討實施互惠式射箭教學於國小射箭課程之應用，將互惠式教學與動態系統觀點整合，提供未來推廣射箭運動的教師與教練參考。Mosston教學光譜互惠式教學形式的特色是把教師的決定權逐漸轉移到學生，教師在課前精心設計標準卡，讓學生在課中根據標準卡的內容彼此溝通與獲得立即性的回饋，達到認知、情意、技能的學習。射箭為較精細技能的運動項目，學生在反覆練習射箭動作中，常覺得單調無趣，因此若將互惠式教學形式實施於高度個人化的射箭課程中，有利學生藉由互相回饋與觀察同儕的正確動作而習得技能與社會技巧，增進情意與認知的發展。動態系統中的有機體限制、環境限制與工作限制會交互影響學生的學習與動作行為，因此在實施射箭教學時應該考量這三種限制的交互作用。方法: 探討Mosston的互惠式教學方法與動態系統的概念，以及實施於射箭課程的可能性，提供互惠式射箭教學與動態系統觀點的教學因應策略，設計出一堂互惠式射箭教學單元範例與標準卡之示例。結語: 學生透過體育教師設計的互惠式教學和動態系統觀點去學習射箭，能夠有效提升學生參與動機並增進同儕間的互動，增進其認知、情意、技能的發展。建議: 未來體育教師能以動態系統的個人、環境與任務的三面向去考量，加以實施互惠式射箭教學，提供學生更有效與安全的射箭課程。

Purpose: the purpose of this study was to investigate the Application ofReciprocal Teaching Style on Archery Teaching. To integrate the reciprocal teachingstyle with dynamic system which is provided reference for teacher and coach. Thefeature of Mosston teaching spectrum reciprocal teaching style is to shift the degree ofdecision making from teacher to student. Teacher designs the criteria sheet which allowsstudent to receive immediate feedback through communication from each other, thusleads to student’s cognitive, affective and skill learning. Archery is a kind ofsophisticated sport, and calls for finer skill, hence student always feel boring andunexcited when practicing the archery movement repeatedly. Therefore if teacherapplies Mosston teaching spectrum reciprocal teaching style to archery lesson, studentnot only learns correct skills from observing the archery movement of peers but alsoimproves his/her affective and cognitive development in this highly personalizedarchery lesson. Learning and motor behavior of students will be influenced byorganismic constraints, environmental constraints and task constraints of dynamicsystem. Methods: This article describes current archery situation, problems, copingstrategies and introduces archery lesson with dynamic system integrated into reciprocalteaching style. Besides, designing a unit of reciprocal teaching style in Archery and hadan example of criterion sheet for reference. Results: Students learned reciprocalteaching and dynamic system in archery which were designed by PE teacher. It willeffectively improve interpersonal interaction, cognitive, affective and psychomotor skilldevelopment. Suggestions: PE teacher could implement the reciprocal teaching stylewith dynamic system which provides more effective and secure archery lessons.