從正向心理學優勢探討兒童人際關係

Using Strengths Leads to Improve Child Interpersonal Relationship in Positive Psychology

本研究透過正向心理學24項優勢分類架構，探討能增進兒童人際關係之優勢內涵及本土性意義。以半結構式訪談12位心理師，了解其對增進兒童人際關係相關優勢的看法與心得。所得研究資料採用共識質性研究方法（Consensus Qualitative Research, CQR）分析。研究結果發現增進兒童人際關係之核心優勢（「典型」次數類型）有自我調整、開放胸襟、仁慈，以及有見解四項；次要優勢（「不定」次數類型）為寬恕、感恩及幽默三項。以上優勢，開放胸襟和有見解屬於「智慧」美德，仁慈屬於「人道」美德，寬恕和自我調整屬於「節制」美德，感恩與幽默屬於「心靈超越」美德。根據研究結果提出具體建議，供未來研究與實務工作之參考。

Objective: Guided by the strength-based perspective in positive psychology, this study aimed to investigate what specific types of strengths and their indigenous meanings that enhance children's interpersonal relationship. Methods: Data was collected from 12 psychologist using semi-structured interviews to understand their viewpoints on strength enhancement topics related to children's interpersonal relationship. Consensual qualitative research analysis was conducted. Results: Four core strengths were identified for enhancing children's interpersonal relationship (typical type in frequency): self-regulation, open-mindedness, kindness, and insightfulness. Three secondary strengths (atypical type in frequency) identified from the data included forgiveness, gratitude, and humor. Open-mindedness and insightfulness belonged to ＂wisdom＂ virtue. Kindness belonged to ＂humanity＂ virtue. Forgiveness and self-regulation belonged to ＂temperance＂ virtue. Gratitude and humor belonged to ＂transcendence＂ virtue. Conclusions: Specific recommendations based on research results are provided for the reference of future practical application and research.