校園危機個案處理對心理師衝擊之研究

A Study of the Impact on Psychologists from Dealing with Crisis Cases on University Campus in Taiwan

本研究採深度訪談方法蒐集資料，探詢八位在大學諮商中心任職之心理師，其過去兩年所接觸危機個案的經驗。資料分析採紮根理論方法找出能涵蓋受訪者經驗之架構，發現危機案件致受訪者印象深刻造成壓力及衝擊的原因為：危機事件攸關生死、個案問題反覆發生、諮商角色定位模糊、處理程序瑣碎不明及資源系統缺乏有效運作皆導致危機個案不易處理，以上現象皆造成心理師龐大的壓力與負面身心影響，不少心理師於處理期間經驗到強烈的衝擊，甚至有替代性創傷反應，而與督導、同儕討論、重新檢視諮商工作的價值及汲取處理經驗等，是他／她們常見的調適方法。受訪者之後認為未來之專業教育應加強對精神疾病／藥物之認識、提昇對新興類型危機之處遇能力、改善與各單位橫向合作等，才能因應繁複的危機處理工作。本研究並建議國內諮商教育應重視包含各類型危機個案及危機處遇之實務能力，學校行政單位更應重視諮商中心在處理危機個案時的壓力負荷與心理師之調適情形，並據此提出提昇實務工作效能的方法。

This study investigated the impact on university psychologists when they deal with crisis cases on campus. Data were collected from in-depth interviews with eight psychologists in university counseling centers for their experiences with crisis cases in the past two years and were analyzed with grounded theory techniques. The major findings are as follows: the psychologists had the most difficulties and pressure with the cases that involved risks to life, clients who were in constant danger, dual relationships, unclear crisis operating procedure, and inefficient administrative system. In order that the psychologists coped with the strong impact of stress and psychological reactions, the methods often adapted for adjustment were consulting supervisors and colleagues and reexamining the work value and experience. All the participants also agreed that to deal with complicated crisis situations, in the future they should enhance the education in psychological disorders and medications, strengthen the managing abilities with regard to emerging crisis cases, and improve horizontal cooperation with other related administrative divisions. This study suggests that the professional counseling training in Taiwan emphasize practical abilities, including the understanding of different types of crisis cases as well as crisis intervention. Besides, the administration of universities and colleges needs to pay more attention on psychologists' stress from dealing with crisis cases and the maintenance of their vitality through self care for the better efficiency in clinical practices