遺民幻夢：戰後初期張達修遺民想像的幻滅與重構

The Dream of Loyalists: Disillusionment and Reconstruction for the Loyalist Imagination of Zhang Da-xiou in the early post-war period

張達修（1906-1983），號篁川，南投竹山人。少時負笈台南新化深造漢學，昭和7年（1932）到8年（1933）曾短暫至日本神戶擔任詩人莊櫻癡之記室。返台後又於昭和16年（1941）遠赴中國上海從事文化事業，直到戰後回台。在台灣經歷二二八事件、中華民國政府播遷來台等歷史事件。張達修將這段時期見聞入詩，成為見證戰後初期時代劇變的一手資料。而張達修承襲自乙未割台以來，透過父祖、師友及「地方」場域中流佈的傳說，進而形成以漢文化為根基的遺民意識。這種「遺民（後遺民）」意識，在戰後找到情感上的出口，將追尋文化「祖國」的欲求寄託在戰勝國之一的中華民國政權。就如同替「遺民」的幽魂找到一個可附身的政治實體，試圖以此擺脫「遺民」的身分。但在張達修的作品中也可見，日治時期以降的遺民意識在戰後動盪的變局中快速變化。面對接踵而來的二二八事變、中華民國政府播遷來台等時代變局，遺民的幽魂再次抽離，呈現出隱逸避世的心情。從不斷企求、依附到離魂、夢醒，就發生在短短的戰後數年間。而台灣的遺民意識在戰後也與渡海來台的詩人產生對話，在張達修詩作中開始出現不同於日治時期的「遺民」書寫面向。從原本以漢文化祖國為對象的籠統想像，逐漸聚焦到恢復一個完整國度的反攻政策，更進一步被帶入冷戰架構「自由／共產」的對抗情境，形成戰後初期古典詩書寫的特殊之處。

Zhang Da-xiou (1906–1983), also known as Huang-chuan, was from Jhushan,Nantou County, Taiwan. He left for Sin-Hua, Tainan City, Taiwan, to study sinology.From 1932 to 1933, he went to Kobe, Japan, and served as secretary for, a poet, ZhuangYing-chi. After returning to Taiwan, he went to Shanghai, China in 1941, and was engagedin cultural enterprises and did not return to Taiwan until the end of World WarII. In Taiwan, he witnessed the 228 incident and the retreat of the Republic of China(ROC) government to Taiwan, therefore presented the experience he had gone throughin his poems. He had learned the legends regarding Taiwan since the cession of Taiwanto Japan in 1895 from his father, grandfather, teachers, friends, and other local peopleand that also generated his strong loyalist consciousness to Han culture. After the end ofthe war, his desire of pursuing culture of “motherland” had found its way out by restingit on the ROC regime, one of the winning countries of the war, as if the soul of loyalistshad found a political entity to rest on in attempt to get rid of the identity of loyalists.As shown in his poems, his loyalist consciousness during the Japanese colonial periodhad rapidly changed after the war. For witnessing the 228 incident and the ROC gov- ernment retreating to Taiwan, the soul of loyalists was detached from the ROC regimeand showing secluded mood. From the constant seeking , attachment, detachment, anddisillusionment, the changes occurred in just a few years after the war. At that time, forraising awareness the loyalists formed a dialogue with the poets from the Mainland China,and Da-xiou’s writing style also showed a new direction which was different fromthat in the Japanese colonial period. The switch of loyalist consciousness from the generalimagination of Han culture to focuse on counterattack policies on restoring a fullcountry, and further to be brought against the context of the cold war structure-“freedomand communism” had characterized the classical poetry writing in the early postwarperiod.