故國之內‧國境之外──日治前期《臺灣日日新報》上傳統文人的西渡經驗初探

Inside of the Former Country, Outside of theNational Border:A Study on Taiwan Literati’s China Experiences Published inTaiwan Nichinichi Shimpo in the Early Japanese Colonial Period

本文針對日治初期台灣漢文知識分子在《臺灣日日新報》上的西渡詩文進行爬梳：從移動的時空背景與歷史條件的掌握，到《臺灣日日新報》上支那論述形塑的觀看支那視角，以及出發前的西渡送別詩文中投注的故國想像。從出發之前到啟程、回返之後其移動視線的流動與聚焦所在進行文本分析。筆者發現在日治前期《臺灣日日新報》上的漢文西渡遊記，其移動背後的複雜程度或許遠遠超過故國遺民之思，其背後更鑲嵌了帝國在南支的空間擴張以及日治初期台灣傳統知識分子文化身分地理界限的變動。隨著乙未割台，殖民地做為一個現實政治空間不管是對內或是對外都在進行空間的重塑與界限的重劃，而做為台灣傳統知識分子也同時經歷了空間與界限的改造與內外的重組。因此在其西渡遊記詩文當中，筆者看到的是這個最早迎受殖民地統治與近代化歷程的世代，在其西渡的移動過程中，在其目光來回梭巡之際，既折服於帝國展示的文明圖景，又失望於故國的動盪衰敗，同時又感受到台灣人身分的曖昧性。透過其旅行視線的交錯，筆者在其西渡中國的移動路徑上，看到比故國情懷更為複雜曖昧的文化身分地理的變動：他們一方面在東亞論以及日支提攜親善政策中找到介入點，縫合因割讓而斷裂的文化身分與記憶的傷痕。但同時隨著殖民的深化其對於現代性與近代文明渴望，卻也讓他們複製了殖民進步主義的觀看邏輯在其望向故國的視線上。這種夾處於中間的兩面性也造成日後台灣知識分子日趨混雜與曖昧的精神圖像與認同建構。而同時台灣做為一個割讓與殖民現實所構造出來的殖民地空間。也開始提供了其思考與行動的立足點與框架。

This paper focuses on the China travel writings and China experiences publishedin Taiwan Nichinichi Shimpo in the Early Japanese Colonial Period. From examining thehistorical backgrounds of Taiwanese mobility to the travel writings of Taiwanese Han-Wen intellectuals before the 1920s in colonial Taiwan, the paper tries to figure out thechanges of their viewpoints of China, and the displacement of cultural identity border.Through their visions of former country and mobility paths to China, the TaiwaneseHan-Wen intellectuals’ travel writings reveal not merely the nostalgia of motherland butalso the emergence of contradictory identities between China and Japan.Under the Japanese colonization after 1895, Taiwan as a colony space and basefor Japanese southward adventure has to redraw its both inside and outside border lineand space. At the same time, as the first generation to encounter the colonization andmodernization, the Taiwanese intellectuals also have to face and react to the violentchanges both physically and mentally. By tracing their boundary-cross paths and visionsback and forth between China and Japan, the paper illustrates their desires for the modernization,disappointment for China’s weakness, and ambiguous identity. The emergenceof in-between-ness causes the formation of Taiwanese complicated identity and the Taiwan-based thinking through the colonial space constituted under the Japaneserule.