建構與新變／敞開與遮蔽──台灣區域文學史的意義與省思

Construction and Reformation, Opennessand Closeness:Reflections on the Meaning of the History of Taiwan RegionalLiterature

在「全球化」浪潮的席捲下，變遷與移動已然不斷地消解地域／國土觀念，區域文化的特徵正在消失，而2010年新五都的產生，更衝擊到以縣市為基礎的區域文學史的書寫。本文擬對區域文學史的編寫進行回顧與展望，並對「區域文學史的界義及其困境」、「敞開與遮蔽：文學史敘述方法及其限制」、「區域文學史與台灣文學史的分期問題」展開討論。重點約可概括三項：一是由於作家生活的變動不居，和知識結構的多元與更新，常常使其文學書寫呈現複雜的態勢，而作品也經常在區域間彼此重疊、斷裂或遺漏，因此如何更加有效地切入流動性、交融性和開放性的區域文學，展現各區域的特色，值得後續區域文學史關注。二是區域文學史在分期上與台灣文學史分期極類似，遭遇的困境也相同，而近年以文學場域的界定、文字形式的建構、文化生產的機制來寫史的觀點及實踐，值得台灣、區域文學史借鏡。三是相對於台灣文學史的知識建構、文本的選擇，區域文學史雖相對提供了較多的史料文獻，可供台灣文學史編撰者參考，然而二者實難以偏廢，台灣文學史的成果對於區域文學的理解與釋讀依然具有正面的效益，兩者之間呈現相輔相成的雙向互補／回饋的關係。不過，目前二者的書寫都有其優劣，疏誤處亦皆難以避免，因此重視文獻史料的發掘及新的研究成果，乃是續寫文學史必要的工夫。

Under the tide of globalization, stark transformation has dissolved our concepts ofregion and territory, with the culture of local communities disappearing. After 2010, thenew five cities are being built in Taiwan, exerting serious impact on the construction ofthe history of Taiwan regional literature based on the distinction of different counties.This article aims to reflect on the process of writing this history and to point towardslines of development in the future. The first topic concerns the establishment of boundariesof regional literature. The writers lived nomadic lives, and as a result, their works ofart are dispersed in different regions. It is therefore very important to examine this fluidprocess and to account for the openness of regional literature which is no longer to beconfined to a specific geographical location. Secondly, the periodization of the historyof Taiwan regional literature resembles that of Taiwan literature in general; hence theirparallel quandaries. How to define the literary space, the construction of literary formsand the production of literary works in a certain region becomes ever more problematic.Finally, compared to the materials available to construct a history of Taiwan literature ingeneral, those materials available to regional literature are far more abundant, contributingto the project of the former. Yet the framework of Taiwan literature in general couldalso be a valuable source for our understanding of regional literature. Thus, the two projects should not be regarded as opposed to each other, but as giving feedback to eachother. I would in the end emphasize again that the excavation of historical materials isstill of crucial importance in this field, and that we have to avoid making grave mistakesin constructing a history of Taiwan literature simply because of the lack of informationor disinformation.