從福建到台灣──「擊缽吟」的興起、發展與傳播

From Fujian to Taiwan: the Appearance, Development and Spread of Jiboyin

日治時期台灣詩社的蓬勃發展，是眾所周知的歷史事實，而作為詩社基本活動形式的「擊缽吟」，自然也成為這一段歷史發展過程中無可取代的一部份。然而這一道光初年於福建文人圈中興起的擊缽吟活動，何以會在日治時期的台灣大為流行？是什麼樣的因緣際會，使台灣的詩社接受引進了閩地的擊缽吟活動形式？又是什麼樣的歷史情境，使得台灣的詩社如雨後春筍般成立，而擊缽吟活動又成了台人「維繫漢文於一線」的寄託場域？本文擬藉由福建省圖書館典藏之《擊缽吟集》十一集，探討擊缽吟在福建的興起與發展情形，並進而以台灣新竹的「竹梅吟社」之接受引進擊缽吟活動形式，來掌握擊缽吟傳播的可能途徑與實際狀況。此外，將再追溯因甲午戰敗割讓日本，台灣詩社如何能於夾縫中再興，促成台灣詩社林立的獨特歷史現象。再者，閩地擊缽吟作品，歷來皆有《擊缽吟集》出版，大抵係作為創作者的觀摩學習範本，但台灣在師法閩地擊缽吟活動形式的同時，亦仿效其出版模式，刊刻有《臺海擊缽吟集》、《東寧擊缽吟前集》、《東寧擊缽吟後集》等，甚而在文人手中不斷傳抄閩地的《擊缽吟集》，將之視為學習寫作的範本。上述，種種攸關擊缽吟這一段從福建到台灣的文學傳播之旅及其相關發展過程，乃至箇中的文化意義，適為本文所企圖探究與揭示者。

Taiwan poetry societies were very flourish during the Japanese colonialperiod. Jiboyin（擊缽吟）as a basic form of poetry societies, is an irreplaceablepart. But why did this activity starting in the Fujian scholars circle duringthe early Dao-guang years was so popular in the colonial Taiwan? Whydid the Jiboyin become the way that Taiwanese people passed the Han culturetorch on? I used the “Jiboyin Poetry”, which was collected by the FujianProvincial Library, to discuss the appearance and development of Jiboyin inFujian. By researching the Zhu-Mei poetry society（竹梅吟社）in Hsinchu,I found possible spread paths of Jiboyin. I also discussed how Taiwan poetrysocieties revived during the Japanese colonial period, and how they made theJiboyin game blended into daily life, and how Taiwan therefore became anisland of poetry societies. Most Fujian Jiboyin works had been published andread as textbooks of Jiboyin´s players. Taiwan poets not only followed theway that Fujian poets played the game, but also imitated their custom of publishingJiboyins, such as Taihai Jiboyin Poetry （《臺海擊缽吟》）, TongniJiboyin Poetry I （《東寧擊缽吟前集》）, and Jiboyin PoetryII（《東寧擊缽吟後集》）. Hence, this paper also discussed the literary travel from Fujian toTaiwan, its history and the cultural meaning.