污名身體──現代主義，身心障礙，鄭清文小說

The Stigmatized Body: Modernism and Disabilities in Ching-Wen Cheng’s Short Stories

鄭清文很少被視為現代主義文學的實踐者，他在「身心障礙」文學再現的建樹也很少被看重。本文以鄭清文的短篇小說〈校園裡的椰子樹〉、〈三腳馬〉、〈蛤仔船〉為例，指出他運用現代主義小說的技法，再現了殘缺身體的形象。本文主張，鄭清文的小說不但可以列入現代主義的領域思考，也為新興的「身心障礙研究」提供了台灣在地的文本。不過，「身心障礙」一詞暗示了現代管理身體的機制，未必可以準確套用在鄭清文小說所再現的台灣時空；本文將「身心障礙」懸置，改用經過「文化翻譯」的「污名身體」一詞，指出鄭清文筆下多種角色承受污名之苦，並分析他們對抗污名的策略。鄭清文的現代主義敘事技藝，以及他推崇的「兩可性」，剛好刻畫了污名身體者的幽微心理。

Although the internationally award-winning Ching-wen Cheng is one of themost established writers alive in Taiwan, his contributions have not been sufficientlydiscussed. Cheng has been seldom recognized as a contributor to the modernist literaturein Taiwan. Also, his representations of the disabled, arguably some of the earliestsamples in Taiwan literature, have attracted little academic attention. The article arguesthat the traces of modernism and representations of disabilities in Cheng’s short storiesare yoked with each other from time to time throughout Cheng’s career. Cheng’s workscould be expected not only to provide a previously ignored repertoire for discussionsof local modernism but also to serve as basic materials for the developing discipline ofdisabilities studies in Taiwan. However, it should be clarified that the article prefers theterm “stigmatized body,” a usage inspired by Goffman’s Stigma, to “disability,” the standardizedusage in the American context, for the former, with a more versatile definition,is closer to the local context where Cheng’s works are situated.