棄、背叛與回家之路──李永平《雨雪霏霏》中的雙鄉追認

Abandonment, Betrayal and Home Return:The Retracement and Recognition of Dual Home Countries inLi Yong-Ping’s Rain and Snow Falls

李永平四十餘年的創作歷程，自書寫婆羅洲的《拉子婦》出發，然而自《吉陵春秋》以降，即銳意追求純粹中國性。其「中國性―現代主義」的實驗，雖在堂堂五十萬字的《海東青》到達頂峰，但也自覺自困於文字迷宮，轉而走上「回家」之路。作為「婆羅洲三部曲」第一部作品《雨雪霏霏—婆羅洲童年記事》即為轉折關鍵。本文以其壓卷作〈望鄉〉為論述中心，探究李永平為追求「純粹中國性」而壓抑、背棄的雙重母體認同—婆羅洲與台灣的「雙鄉意識」及其追認。「懺悔與追憶」是《雨》的基調，每一則婆羅洲童年記事，都是「棄與背叛」母題的演繹。婆羅洲是生母，台灣是養母，而兩座島嶼在太平洋戰爭時期因日軍「南進」有了歷史上的連繫。在壓卷作〈望鄉〉，李永平不再迷戀「純粹中國性」，而是透過私人記憶、移民社會／殖民地歷史記憶的正視，肯認自己身上的混雜性，進一步追認這個被他離棄、背叛、壓抑的「雙鄉」，踏上回家之路。

This article deals with Li Yong-Ping’s novel Rain and Snow Falls, whichis about abandonment, betrayal and home return. In Li’s previous novels, hedepressed his identity to dual home countries, that are, Berneo and Taiwan, in orderto pursue ‘pure Chineseness’. However, he found himself trapping in the prisonof old Chinese words, and tried to find his way home by retracing his private/historical memories of Berneo and Taiwan. These two islands were historicallyconnected in Japan Empire’s ‘Going South’ during Pacific War, and both of themhad experience under Japanese rules. Li has to face the colonial experience andculture hybridity it derives, so that he can finally set foot on his way home.