兩種台灣文學史──台灣V.S.中國

History of Taiwan Literature: Taiwan Aspect v.s. China Aspect

本文寫作期間，正值台灣及中國兩方面的學界，針對「台灣文學史」的論述方式，有著諸多意識型態上的矛盾與磨擦。為了解此間問題根源，有必要從歷史及現實等方面，進行兩方的論述考察與批判。本文首先追究「台灣文學」此一觀念的發生，再說明台灣與中國在「台灣文學史」的寫作實踐上的歷史情境，及釐清隱藏於情境背後的意識型態限制。最後再針對重要的文學史作家進行批判、檢驗並從中思考他們所未辨析的文學史難題。「台灣文學」一名之提出，源自於日本時期的文學和文化思考。將思考落實成文字，則起自1943年的黃得時。歷經戰爭及戒嚴的偏廢和禁錮，「台灣文學」暫被歸類於中國文學之一個支流，並不受重視。及至1970年代，台灣意識甦醒，再有陳少廷等人開始還原「台灣文學史」在日本時期的歷史面貌，並經1980年代的葉石濤等人之努力，終於建立了一脈無需依附中國文學體系與價值的「台灣文學史」。中國的台灣文學史書寫，則起於1980年代的的統戰政策，造成數十本「台灣文學史」皆具有論述上的盲點。特別值得注意的是2000年後由陳映真及呂正惠等台籍作家和學者，他們儼然成為現下中國在建立台灣文學史論述時的新血。兩人皆視野廣泛，論述有據，卻仍甘於將台灣文學史的書寫，視為中國對台政治行動的一部份。不過他們對於文學史書寫的思考，雖有意識型態上的重大疑慮，但仍有值得延申再議的空間。

In developing and writing this paper, how to narrate “Taiwan literary history”has provoked much discussion among academia in both Taiwan and China. Amongdifferent ideologies behind the discussion contradiction and friction arise. Toexpound the diversity and conflict among different narratives, it is necessary tocontextualize them in the historical and contemporary circumstances, in order tothoroughly examine and criticize the narratives from both China and Taiwan.This paper first traces the emergence of the concept—“Taiwan literature,”then describes how the “Taiwan literary histories” are narrated and practiced inthe historical conditions in Taiwan and in China, in order to clarify the limitationunderlying in different ideologies. Finally, I will focus on the important writers ofliterary history, whom I will examine and criticize, to deliberate upon the difficultiesof literary history.The emergence of the term—“Taiwan literature” can be traced back to theliterature of Taiwan during the Japanese-ruling period and is influenced by thecultural thinking at that time. In 1943, Huang Der-shih（黃得時）took suchthinking into actual words. Experiencing the devastation and imprisonment inthe wartime and Martial Law period, “Taiwan Literature” has been neglected andtreated as part of Chinese literature. It is not until 1970s that, with the revival ofTaiwanese consciousness, Chen Shao-ting（陳少廷）and others started to restore the historical appearance of “Taiwan literary history” during the Japanese-rulingperiod. Since 1980s, under the endeavor of Yeh Shih-tao（葉石濤）and others,the existence of “Taiwan literary history” is confirmed and established with its ownliterary and value system, which is unattached to Chinese literature.The narratives of Taiwan literary history in China starts from 1980s underthe United Front Policy. There are dozens of publication related to Taiwan literaryhistory, which are expressed with narrow view. It is worthy to notice that, startingfrom 2000s, Chen Ying-chen（陳映真）, Lu Cheng-hui（呂正惠）and otherTaiwanese writers and scholars have apparently become the narrators of Taiwanliterary history cater to the taste of China nowadays. Do these two people showtheir broad vision? As evidenced, they are delighted to endeavor their effort andmake their writings of Taiwan literary history based on the China’s politicalviewpoint. Although the underlying ideologies in these narrative viewpoints aredoubtable, there are still deserved to have further discussion.