合作經濟下的幼托福利想像：台中市經驗的初探

Discussion on the Child Care Welfare Policy under Cooperative Economy: A Case Study of Taichung City

合理的人口增長是國家永續發展的重要基礎，參照OECD國家標準，當生育率下降至千分之1.3時，將產生人口結構失衡的風險。面對生育率下降的問題，台灣各級政府多採取「現金津貼」的發放作為獎勵生育的策略，但2010年台灣生育率下降至千分之0.89，成為全球生育率最低的國度，無疑是對當前現金津貼的有效性帶來最大的否定。民間團體直指「生的起、養不起」才是問題的核心，因此提出「公共托育」（public childcare）普及化的呼籲，但受限於政府財政支付的限制，公共托育的服務能量相較於整體的托育需求而言無疑是杯水車薪。那麼，是否可能採取其他的策略，在現有的財政支付能力下，極大化公共托育的服務能量？本文將從台中市「平價托育」的經驗出發，討論既有制度的困境，並尋找如何可能在既有系統的限制下，使有限的資源提供更大的托育服務能量， 形成一種符合「社會投資」（social investment）精神並能夠「大量複製」的托育政策？

Population reasonable growth is an important basis for the sustainable development of the country, in accordance with the OECD standards, if the fertility rate dropped to 1.3 per mille or ever lower, population is structurally imbalanced and the risks that this would create for. Considering the decline in fertility, the local government in Taiwan have adopted the ＂cash allowance＂ as the strategy to reward fertility, but in 2010, Taiwan was among the countries with the lowest fertility in the world. The current situation is reflected the low effectiveness of ＂cash allowance＂ policy. The civil society leaders directed the core problem was ＂Health can not afford to afford＂, and therefore, put forward the appeal of ＂public childcare＂. It is limited by the restriction of government financial payment, public care service compared to the overall demand for care is just like ＂using a cup of water to put out the fire＂. In such a manner, is it possible to take other strategies to maximize the capacity of public care services under the existing financial ability to pay? The article focuses on ＂affordable childcare service program＂ in Taichung City, I try to discuss the existing predicament and find out how to provide greater care service under the constraints on limited resources; and further, try to fit in with ＂social investment＂ and can be able to ＂replicate＂.